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Pazhūhish-i Źabān va Adabiyyāt-i Farsī
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Open Access Article
1 - Some Arabic-Quranic Loanwords in Middle Persian
Yadollah MansouriIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022Regarding Arabic loanwords in Farsi, the dominant view is that the arrival of Arabic words in the Islamic period, that is, after Islam came to Iran, was mostly in Persian in the sixth and seventh centuries and their presence in Persian texts is strong and intensified. I MoreRegarding Arabic loanwords in Farsi, the dominant view is that the arrival of Arabic words in the Islamic period, that is, after Islam came to Iran, was mostly in Persian in the sixth and seventh centuries and their presence in Persian texts is strong and intensified. In this research, we are trying to show, as far as the documents are available, that the introduction of Arabic words into Persian language happened a long time ago,And this cultural-linguistic exchange has probably taken place since the time when Iranians and Arabs have been in contact with each other, that is, since the Achaemenid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Mythological analysis and investigation of the origin of the story of Siavash and Kay Khosrow in Shahnameh based on familiarization ritual
aliakbar kamalinahad meysam rustaeiIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022One of the aspects of analysis in Shahnameh stories is the ability to interpret their myths. Among the stories of Shahnameh, Siavash's story is one of the examples that is appropriate to its previous and subsequent narrations in terms of narration and the connection of MoreOne of the aspects of analysis in Shahnameh stories is the ability to interpret their myths. Among the stories of Shahnameh, Siavash's story is one of the examples that is appropriate to its previous and subsequent narrations in terms of narration and the connection of vertical and horizontal axes of the story. In this article, Siavash's story has been mythologically analyzed with a combined view and based on structuralist, mythological, and receiving theory approaches. The basis of this analysis is the ritual of familiarity and by using the view of Iliad, we have opened the ritual of entering the narration of Siavash. In this representation, the story from Siavash's birth to the end of Kaykhosrow's acting is considered as a unit and the actions of these two characters are considered to complement each other. According to the research findings, Siavash's rise and fall and then his sinking in Turan Zamin's graveyard is like sinking a seed in the soil; It is as if the story remains unfinished in this part, so much so that on the other hand, with the emergence of Kaykhosrow away from the eyes of Aghiar and his boasting in the same land of Turan, the story leads to self-sufficiency. Symbolic signs and evidence in the text of this story unit, such as: mountain, midwife, crossing the water, symbolic animal, test, etc., strengthen the concept of familiarity in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparing and analyzing the world view of constitutional poets based on their social class
fahime asadiIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022Society plays a role in the creation of artistic and literary works, and sociological studies of literature have different methods. Lucien Goldman, the owner of the theory of developmental structuralism, believes that the social class of the creator of the work affects MoreSociety plays a role in the creation of artistic and literary works, and sociological studies of literature have different methods. Lucien Goldman, the owner of the theory of developmental structuralism, believes that the social class of the creator of the work affects his worldview and the worldview determines the structure of the work. In the upcoming research, the worldview of Bahar, Iraj Mirza, Aref Qazvini and Farrokhi Yazdi has been analyzed on this basis and based on the relationship between the worldview of these poets and the construction and application of the structural unit; That is, the compound addition to which the word fist is added, has been analyzed.The Fist of Time, the Strong Fist of Iran, the Hammer-like Fist, the Fist of Knowledge, the Fist of Jamaat and the Fist of Gold are the combinations thar are made by these poets. Every poet considers the fist (literally, power) to belong to something that is important in his worldview; The worldview of the poet who created "Fist of Times" is not the same as the worldview of the poet who created "Fist of Knowledge".Aref Qazvini has great ideals for Iran and the nation, and he considers natural sciences and national sovereignty to be the way to achieve them. Iraj Mirza is a prosperous prince and his ultimate will is to preserve the existing structure, so he is without ideals and knows the power of the economy and uses the golden fist. Although Farrokhi Yazdi is trying to take the side of new elements, his worldview remains an eclectic of traditional and new elements, and most of the socialist attractions are present in his worldview, and this is how he makes a hammer-like fist. The discontinuity that appears in different sections is caused by the difference in worldviews of the poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analysis of the sonnet "Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi based on the semiotic approach of "Michael Riffaterre" poem
fahimeh shafiee Hengameh AshooriIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022The present research is the analysis of the sonnet " Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi based on the semiotic approach of the poem " MichaelRiffaterre ". The purpose of this research is to discover the meanings and hidden laye MoreThe present research is the analysis of the sonnet " Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi based on the semiotic approach of the poem " MichaelRiffaterre ". The purpose of this research is to discover the meanings and hidden layers of this sonnet at the level of retroactive reading with the aim of answering this question: what factors create the origin of the poem in the sonnet "Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi? According to the texture of the gazelles, it seems that this is achieved through the meaningful elements in the poem. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library documents. In this research, after selecting this sonnet in accordance with Riffaterre's approach, the aforementioned poem was examined at the level of exploratory and retroactive reading.Then, focusing on retroactive reading, with the aim of discovering the origin of the poem, the selected sonnet was analyzed according to two meaning-making systems, "accumulation process" and "descriptive system".The results of the research indicate that in the "accumulation process", poetic interpretations in the vertical axis and metaphorical relationship revolve around the concept of "lack of communication" and in the "descriptive poem" the two semantic cores of "distrust" and "unsettled socio-political situation" inspire the poetic origin of the sonnet."Distrust" and "Unsettled socio-political situation" are manifested in this sonnet with images and combinations that are mentioned in this research. Finally, these descriptive processes indicate the main origin of this sonnet, which is despair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Local color criticism of the novel The Fig Tree of Temples
Khadijeh Bahrami RahnamaIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022Local color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special at MoreLocal color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special attention to the climate of the south, and elements of climate criticism can be found in his works, including the fig tree of the temples. Therefore, the present essay has investigated the issue of local and environmental elements in the novel The Fig Tree of Temples with a descriptive and analytical method. The results of the research show that geographical and regional coordinates have an effect on the formation of the type of clothing, architecture, occupations and political developments, and also, the author has reflected extensively on native and local elements, idioms and proverbs in this novel. Local color elements and nature have caused the formation of many popular beliefs, including tying to trees, lighting candles, making sacrifices for trees, etc. The author of the novel has reflected the hot and humid weather and low rainfall in Khuzestan by using Local color imagery, and the nature and climate of the south has become the basis for the conflict between two traditional and modern societies. Ahmad Mahmoud has placed the arrival of foreigners and oil smugglers as a useful tool for people's awakening in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An analysis on the course of transformation of the identity elements of the Turkmen people in the Local color novel "Yurt"
mohammad mahmoodiIssue 67 , Vol. 20 , Winter 2022Local color fiction is a type of stories whose events take place in a specific geographical area and different cultural elements such as customs and traditions, type of architecture, clothing, language features, as well as economic, social, It represents the history and MoreLocal color fiction is a type of stories whose events take place in a specific geographical area and different cultural elements such as customs and traditions, type of architecture, clothing, language features, as well as economic, social, It represents the history and politics of that region. A part of Local color fiction in Iran is linked with ethnicities and served to represent their identity issues. Some of the stories of the northern region, which are related to the Turkmen-inhabited areas of Golestan province, have a different atmosphere from other stories. In these stories, in addition to the specific Local color features of the north of the country, the cultural and identity elements of the Turkmen inhabitants of the Sahara have also been reflected. In this article, one of the important novels of Turkmen Local color literature has been examined. Seyed Hossein Mirkazemi in the novel "Yort" describes the details of the social lifestyle of the Turkmen people of the Sahara, their cultural identity and the Local color elements of the region and the connection of these elements with the culture and history of the Turkmen. The confrontation between tradition and modernity and the transformation of the social life and identity of the Turkmen people of the Sahara is one of the main themes of the novel Yurt. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - mythical places in folktales
Sara ChalakIssue 60 , Vol. 19 , Spring 2021Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about MoreMythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about place. Mythical place differ from its surrounding because it is sacred. It may be an archetype like mount or fountain, or may be it has become sacred because of the unworldly object. It has influential power to characters.it can change characters. Folktale as an old type of oral literature contain the insight, philosophic thought and life style of past human being. One of the mythical subject in folktales is locality. This places cause of the relationship with the transcendental affairs, consider as a mythical place. Most of characters in folktale, change mentally by being there and their destiny change. In this article, we tried to use the theories of great mythologists such as Mircea Eliade and Ernest Cassirer to analyze e few sets of folktales. For this purpose, the places such as mount, fountain, sea, river, garden, well were investigated.and their mythical modality was examined. my research method in this article is descriptive and analithical. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Classification of the Kramat of Olia
Mohammad RoodgarIssue 60 , Vol. 19 , Spring 2021The main issue in all the Sufi tricks is Kramat. Kramat are unknown or less known phenomena that have hidden and supernatural causes. Neglecting the recognition, definition, classification and the mystical foundations of them, has led many to deny these facts. One of th MoreThe main issue in all the Sufi tricks is Kramat. Kramat are unknown or less known phenomena that have hidden and supernatural causes. Neglecting the recognition, definition, classification and the mystical foundations of them, has led many to deny these facts. One of the necessary preconditions for the recognition of Kramat is its various classification methods. The classification of a phenomenon that human beings can not understand the causes of its causes is a complicated subject that has been addressed by mystics, Sufis and scholars. However, it has not been reported in the mystical texts of the scientific and comprehensive classification of Kramat. Most of these texts are dedicated to enumeration of Kramat samples. Kramat Sometimes classified up against contrary to habits and sometimes among themselves. The present study is devoted to the classification of Kramat among themselves and studied in more than fifteen new and old classifications of different dignity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A study of the content and structure of interpretation in the spiritual Masnavi
Maryam Nafeli Shahrestani hosein aghahoseiniIssue 60 , Vol. 19 , Spring 2021Interpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the MoreInterpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the interpretation and content of the Qur'an. Rumi has also used interpretation in Masnavi.He looked at interpretation very broadly and did not consider interpretation specific to the Qur'an; For this reason, he has used interpretation on various topics. The research method in this article is descriptive and its purpose is to study the types of interpretations in the three books of Masnavi in terms of content and structure. The interpretations used in the three books of Masnavi based on the subject are: interpretation of Quranic verses and hadiths, interpretation of the stories of the prophets, interpretation of mystical, religious and jurisprudential, moral and philosophical issues.By examining the three books of Masnavi Manavi, 136 interpretations were extracted on these subjects, most of which consistes of interpretations of Quranic verses. Rumi has used various tricks to express interpretation; Interpretation from the language of the characters of the story, interpretation in the form of similes and metaphors, allegorical interpretation and causal interpretation are among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analysis of the effect of short words of Nahj al-Balaghah in Persian literature (with emphasis on the wisdom of 142 Nahj al-Balaghah, citing verses of the Quran)
Fakhrieh Namazian Jalil Tajlil Ruqayyah SadraieIssue 60 , Vol. 19 , Spring 2021Roghaiyeh sadraie*** Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the reliable sources that can be cited, has been called "Akho Al-Quran" (brother of the Quran). This book has been compiled by Sayyid Razi from the poets and jurists of the fourth century. Many truths of the Holy Quran MoreRoghaiyeh sadraie*** Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the reliable sources that can be cited, has been called "Akho Al-Quran" (brother of the Quran). This book has been compiled by Sayyid Razi from the poets and jurists of the fourth century. Many truths of the Holy Quran have been described in this book.The present article uses the wisdom of 142 to examine the extent of the effect of short words of Nahj al-Balaghah in Persian literature and seeks to prove the deep and close relationship between the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah and the Holy Quran and the impact of these teachings on Persian literature.In this article, the answers to the following questions are analyzed by descriptive method and by following the content of one of the acronyms. Is the source of the wisdom of Nahj al-Balaghah the divine knowledge of the Holy Quran? To what extent has the moral and divine knowledge of Nahj al-Balaghah dominated the Iranian literature?Obviously, the works of Persian literature have been influenced in various ways, including adaptations, allusions, inspirations, etc. from the source of revelation and, consequently, from the words of the Amir al-Mo'menin. In this article, the wisdom No. 139 of Nahj al-Balaghah has been pondered and revised with regard to the roots of words and the Quranic sources and its effect on Persian literature has been discussed. Scholars believe that Nahj al-Balaghah is the interpretation of the Qur'an. The subject of this article is to find the divine sources of the words of the Amir al-Mo'menin, and to show its reflection in Iranian literary works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The"Avaze koshtegan"(The song of the slain), from the view of the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, with Emphasis on the Theories of Herbert Marcuse Critique of Modern Society in the Novel of the
Mahnaz Fooladi maryam hoseiniIssue 60 , Vol. 19 , Spring 2021Reza Barahani, a contemporary writer, has criticized the socio-political and cultural structure of the society of his time in his numerous novels. In this article, an attempt has been made to critique and analyze one of these novels, The"Avaze koshtegan"(The song MoreReza Barahani, a contemporary writer, has criticized the socio-political and cultural structure of the society of his time in his numerous novels. In this article, an attempt has been made to critique and analyze one of these novels, The"Avaze koshtegan"(The song of the slain), from the view of the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, with Emphasis on the Theories of Herbert Marcuse (1879-1979). The German philosopher and sociologist Marcuse is known as the spiritual father of the protest movements of the 1960s. In the novel "Avaze koshtegan"(The song of the slain), Baraheni describes the cultural struggle of the academic and intellectual strata, as well as the tools of" the ruling system in suppressing and dominating the people, questions the existing order and tries to improve the situation of his society.The achivement of the research is that Baraheni in his critique of the society of his time in three section of repressive tolerance, alternative society and culture industry has criticized the socio-political and cultural society and has tried to change the situation of his society with the tools of art and pen. Move towards the ideal utopian society of the Frankfurt Theorists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Critical Review and Analysis of the Narrative Technique in a Story of the Golestan of Saadi
mostafa gorjiIssue 38 , Vol. 13 , Autumn 2015One of the main subjects that has been a matter of attention to the literary researchers is reviewing the narrative techniques of the poets and writers who are well known in the field of narration. Discovering the mystery of these narratives, not only can manifest th MoreOne of the main subjects that has been a matter of attention to the literary researchers is reviewing the narrative techniques of the poets and writers who are well known in the field of narration. Discovering the mystery of these narratives, not only can manifest the value of the previous works, but also helps today’s writers in achieving the effective narrative techniques. Discovering the deeper layers of the Golestan of Saadi demands deep thinking, and through reviewing and reinterpreting it, new literary potentials can be found. This research aims at a critical study and analysis of narrative discourse and the structure of narration in the story about a young boxer in the third chapter of Golestan. It shows how much Saadi has been successful in induction of his beliefs through finding the proper forms related to them and based on the assimilation of form and content, he creates a piece of work which has different dimensions of a literary work all together, a work which satisfies the audience through different eras. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Pattern of the History of Knowledge and the Resurrection of Meaning in Shahaboddin Yahya Sohrewardi's Thought
Zahra Mahouzi Ghobadi Pakatchi maryam آخسسثهدهIssue 51 , Vol. 16 , Winter 2019The history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future o MoreThe history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future of esoteric knowledge of Islam after the Prophet. As to the fate of divine knowledge on earth, this pattern defines three stages: the era of knowledge by presence, the era of assenting meaning to the word, and the period in which metaphor is converted to symbol. Sohrewardi refers to this historical pattern and completes it by presenting a certain definition of the Divine Hakim and his role in interpreting the mysteries of the mystics. By this action, he makes a commentary on the history of knowledge. The fourth stage that Sohrewardi adds to this historical pattern is the resurrection stage of meaning to its truth, and it can be defined only by reference to the totality of Sohrewardi's intellectual system. The present article attempts to extract this historical pattern from the Sufi texts and then explains Sohrewardi's role in completing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Reviewing and Criticism of Research Articles on Literature in 1380 (2000) Decade
عبدالله راز ahmad raziIssue 32 , Vol. 12 , Spring 2014Publishing research articles in contemporary period is an appropriate chance to share research findings of different scholars and informing audiences about new scientific achievements. Although their publishing have been quantitatively increasing in recent decade, there MorePublishing research articles in contemporary period is an appropriate chance to share research findings of different scholars and informing audiences about new scientific achievements. Although their publishing have been quantitatively increasing in recent decade, there were no due attention to their assessment and criticism. This article, with a descriptive-analytic method, assesses those kinds of research articles published from 1381/2001 to 1390/2011. The research expresses advantages and disadvantages of these articles and presents a picture of the status of scientific article writing in domain of literary studies. In so doing, 345 articles were selected as examples and most important subjects under focus of authors were identified and were classified in frame of text-based, context-based, author-based, reader-based, and different articles. Moreover, patterns of cooperation between authors, and quality and quantity of used resources in these articles were presented in different charts and tables. As this issue is so important and to assess the accuracy of obtained results from main sample size, another set of 345 articles were exactly reviewed in two groups of “evidence 1” and “evidence 2”. This review shows that although articles have various subjects, apply different kinds of resources, consider some interdisciplinary approaches particularly in second half of this decade relative accuracy in composing coherent articles, specialty of some journals related to literature and considerable increase of university instructors and students cooperation in publishing articles, there are lots of deficiencies in these articles, like methodology, dominance of descriptive approach, repeated contents, lack of critical view, high frequency of education-based articles, and spread of quantitative and formal criteria and so on… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Brevity and Deletion in Contemporary Poetry (Focusing on Nima Yushij, Ahmad Shamlu, Mahdi Akhavan Sales, Sohrab Sepehri, and Yad-al Allah Ro’yaei)
لیلا کردبچهIssue 34 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2014Brevity means decorating speech from additional comments and unnecessary elements, so that the most content may be stated by the lowest number of words; this method, which is also used in old literature but its special consideration is one the most significant successes MoreBrevity means decorating speech from additional comments and unnecessary elements, so that the most content may be stated by the lowest number of words; this method, which is also used in old literature but its special consideration is one the most significant successes of Contemporary Poetry, changed the syntactical structures in addition to speech briefing. The focus of some contemporary poets to some of these methods is practically an approach toward old linguistic structures, but some others can be regarded as the linguistic achievements of Contemporary Literature. The article reviews the methods of achieving Brevity in two main groups of brevity and deletion methods in poems of a group of contemporary poets and compares them with deletion and brevity methods in Old Classic Literature; we aimed to show the effect of Old Classic Literature linguistic structures on some part of brevity structures and the degree of innovation in some deletion methods of Contemporary Poem, in addition to identifying these methods in Contemporary Poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Stylistics of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s Novel - ‘Jay-e Khali-ye Solouch’
ميلاد شمعيIssue 13 , Vol. 7 , Spring 2009Style is a writer’s or a poet’s specific way of expressing their intended concepts in literary works. Style has been defined in various ways. Today, it refers to the methods that are used to analytical study of literature by using linguistic devices. It also studies the MoreStyle is a writer’s or a poet’s specific way of expressing their intended concepts in literary works. Style has been defined in various ways. Today, it refers to the methods that are used to analytical study of literature by using linguistic devices. It also studies the point of view, linguistic features, the ways of characterization and formation of the theme. The main characteristics of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s works, especially his novel ‘Jay-e Khali-ye Solouch’ is giving importance to the language, and the poetic structure of the text. For instance, employing the region & ethnic-specific words and expressions in this novel reveals the main feature of his archaic language adapted from the works such as Tarikh-e Beihaqi. The authors of the present article attempt to explore the stylistic features of the novel ‘Jay-e Khali-ye Solouch’, studying its linguistic and poetic structures, including lexemes, imagery, variations among the sentences, rhythm, repetition, cohesion, emphasis, and so on. Manuscript profile
