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    Issue 67   Vol 20 Winter 1401
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    • List of Articles Reza Satari

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        1 - The Nature of the Dark Romanticism in the Persian Poetry of the 1950s
          Reza Satari  
        One of the most important literary currents that was strengthened in Iran's poetry in the 1950s following the coup d'état of August 19, 1953 was romanticism that prevailed the field of poetry. Dark themes became commonplace with extreme and unprecedented emotions; theme More
        One of the most important literary currents that was strengthened in Iran's poetry in the 1950s following the coup d'état of August 19, 1953 was romanticism that prevailed the field of poetry. Dark themes became commonplace with extreme and unprecedented emotions; themes that diverted this version of romanticism from the essence of lyric which often meant that the poets either speak of death of love, or brought it down to its lowest level. These poems, belonging to a current known as dark romanticism, reflect themes such as thoughts of death, feeling of being cursed, rebellion, declaring sin, disbelief and immorality, Satanism, despair, and so on. Some scholars have defined these poems as lyrical romanticism, while lyrical and dark romanticism have fundamental differences, including in their world views, themes and contextual factors. In this article, after examining the nature of dark romanticism and its sentimentalism in Iran, common dark themes in the poems of some poets such as Nader Naderpour, Nosrat Rahmani, Karo, Hasan Honarmandi, Hamid Mosadegh and Forough Farrokhzad are evaluated. The results of the study shows that, with regard to the focus on themes such as thinking of death, disappointment and despair, rebellion and being cursed, fear, satanism, addiction and inebriation, and opposing the ethics and social norms, disbelief and denunciation of love in the poetry of dark romanticism, these poems cannot be identified as lyrical romanticism. Accordingly, romantic and sensual poetry of the 1950s was divided into two categories which is lyrical and non-lyrical romanticism. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Rostam and Searching for Individuality in Jahangirnameh
        Reza Satari Aliakbar Bagheri Khalili sogol khosravi
        Jahangirnameh, written by Qāsem-e Mādeḥ is one of the epic poems that describes Rostam’s life after the death of Sohrab and then explains his acquaintance with Delnavaz, the daughter of Messiah, the praytal (Massihā-ye Ābed) and the birth of Jahangir and the narration o More
        Jahangirnameh, written by Qāsem-e Mādeḥ is one of the epic poems that describes Rostam’s life after the death of Sohrab and then explains his acquaintance with Delnavaz, the daughter of Messiah, the praytal (Massihā-ye Ābed) and the birth of Jahangir and the narration of his courageous actions. In the first section of the story, Rostam who feels lost, confused and sad after killing Sohrab, leaves his home land and goes to Mazandaran to start an inner journey through entering the unconscious world which transforms his personality. Rostam‘s journey to Mazandaran, the events he goes through and what he experiences can be reviewed as an archetype. This research Using the notion of the process of individuality based on Jungian analytical psychology studies the archetypes in Jahangirnameh, including mask, Anima, shadow, the sage, etc. and analyzes the process of individuation of Rostam. In this story, Rostam, after killing Sohrab, becomes ready to regain his lost individuality by leaving the conscious world (Iran) and entering an unknown unconscious world (Mazandaran) and confronting the elements and aspects of unconsciousness. Rostam’s individuality which has been distorted after the death of Sohrab, is reconstructed after facing Jahangir who is a substitute for Sohrab. Manuscript profile
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