فردوسی

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1 - The Impressibility of Sa’di from Firdausi based on the Theory of Transtextualite
زينب نوروزي وحید علی بیگی سرهالی

The works of Sa’di are among the best masterpieces of classic Persian texts who is the full-fledged representative of Persian Culture and Literature. He had been under effect of old texts and there is an obvious relation between Sa’di prosaic works and older works befor More

The works of Sa’di are among the best masterpieces of classic Persian texts who is the full-fledged representative of Persian Culture and Literature. He had been under effect of old texts and there is an obvious relation between Sa’di prosaic works and older works before him. One of these works is Shahname by Firdausi. The aim of this study is to show and prove this textual relation between Sa’di works and Shahnameh of Firdausi which is based on the Theory of Transtextualite by Gérard Genette which is a perfect theory regarding the intertextual relations; we reviewed all links between Sa’di and Firdausi works in all aspects and came to this conclusion that Sa’di works are a complete sample of Transtextualite which is proved by providing evidences, analytic-descriptive method and their explanations and interpretations; so the full presence of Transtextualite in Sa’di works is proved in this regard. Manuscript profile
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2 - Selection, Acceptance and Features of Ambassador (Safir) in Shahnameh of Firdausi
Mohammad فریده وجدانی

“Ambassador” has a special status in the absolute concept of intermediacy in the Great Book of Hakim-e Tous, Shahnameh of Firdausi. The article reviewed the matter of ambassadorship in allover Shahname and attempted to determine ambiguous and clear viewpoints using a de More

“Ambassador” has a special status in the absolute concept of intermediacy in the Great Book of Hakim-e Tous, Shahnameh of Firdausi. The article reviewed the matter of ambassadorship in allover Shahname and attempted to determine ambiguous and clear viewpoints using a descriptive-analytic method. It explored ambiguous stands i.e. hidden angles and neglected aspects of serious issue of ambassadorship and found new findings about the triple pillars (Sender, Ambassador, Receiver). The article highlighted less studied points regarding clear viewpoints of ambassadorship and showed that the ambassador is not always just a messenger; and since the great part of sender success depends on the selection of a competent ambassador, there were great emphasis on the moralities, and the sympathy of ambassador with the message itself and even his seeming beauty and organs’ symmetry. The findings showed that the status, position and authority limitations of ambassadors were not the same. In addition to routine duties, expert ambassadors had been delegated to make non-determined decision upon their own discretion and condition appropriateness. Ambassadors also applied punctilios based on common customs and personal skills to satisfy the needs of sender which are worth exploring. Reviewing all instances of ambassadors’ acceptance in Shahnameh of Firdausi showed that though there were some special habitudes for accepting the ambassador, the receiver were not forced to follow all habitudes and acceptance orders in all situations, but following orders and habitudes depended on variables like their friendship or hostility relations, the status of sender, the status of ambassador, the message content and so on, and regarding abovementioned issues, the receiver would select some method to encounter with ambassadors, which we will deal with in detail. Manuscript profile
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3 - A comparative study of the concept of moderation inthe advices of the sixth "Dinkard" and in Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh
zahra delpazi Mohammad behnamfar MOHAMMAD REZA RASHED MOHASSEL

One of the basic concepts in Iranian thought is the principle of moderation in life affairs, which is clearly reflected in Pahlavi books and advice letters, especially in the sixth book of Dinkard, the most detailed advice letter in the Pahlavi language. In Ferdowsi's S More

One of the basic concepts in Iranian thought is the principle of moderation in life affairs, which is clearly reflected in Pahlavi books and advice letters, especially in the sixth book of Dinkard, the most detailed advice letter in the Pahlavi language. In Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which is considered as the summary of pre-Islamic Iranian culture, moderation is one of the basic principles that has been emphasized in various advices.In this article, we have tried to represent the similarities of these two books on moderation in a comparative way and with a content analysis approach. The results show that the concept of moderation in the Sixth Dinkard and Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh are very close to one another. In both books, thr extremes of excessiveness are examples of evil, and the good that lies between them is a symbol of moderation. On the other hand, goodness equals goodwill, good thinking and good speech; Three important principles of Zoroastrian thought that are directly related to reason and guide people to a rational life based on moderation.There is also a close link between moderation and justice that evokes the concept of "asha" in Zoroastrian thought.It is noteworthy that the concept of moderation in the sixth Dinkard is more consistent with the recommendations of the historical part of the Shahnameh, especially poems related to the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, and sometimes the recommendations are quite similar which could be the result of the direct influence of the sixth Dinkard on Shahnameh or due tocommon sources for the two books. Manuscript profile
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4 - Peace-sodality Iranians in the story of Fereydoun (One of Ferdowsi's Intellectual Features of his Epic)
mohammad reza Keyvanfar Parvaneh A’del Zadeh kamran pashaei fahkri
20.1001.1.17351030.1399.18.59.6.7

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the More

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the method of governance, and the avoidance of individuality in the division of the world, which is the work of Fereydoun, Emphasis on dialogue in resolving conflicts among heroes and relying on finding a solution to peace and absolute rejection of violence, avoiding the use of military force to resolve disputes, not belonging to the world and avoiding stubbornness and struggle to stay in the power that is the characteristic of Iraj in front of his brothers, paying special attention to justice, and avoiding oppression and tyranny in Fereydoun's actions and speech. What Fereydoun has benefited from, as well as the actions of the words and thoughts of the Iranian heroes in Fereydoun's story, are in line with today's peaceful views. Manuscript profile
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5 - A Comparative Study of Bouransasani’s Monarchy in The Ferdowsi’s Shahname and Historical Sources (in a Critical Review of a Challenging Verse)
Akram Joudi Nemati

Bouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse More

Bouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse has an obvious contradiction with next verses and and according to this verse, it seems that the decay of empire at that time was a result of her reign. In order to answer to the question of "which of the two contradictions is true" and "what could be the cause of the mentioned contradiction", the article author has compared the Shahnameh's claim about Bouran's statecraft with historical sources. Research data show that there’s no report of inefficiency in Bouran’s governance, and all historians, in more detail than Ferdowsi, have reported her governing as good. So, why did Ferdowsi compose such a poem? The author, by proposing related hypotheses, concludes that this verse is not related to how Bouran governs, but it has been due to Ferdowsi's commitment to the presuppositions that were formed in related to the religious beliefs in his time. Tracing the presuppositions leads us to a hadith of the Prophet (PBUH): "A nation that leaves its affairs to a woman will never be successful.” The hadith documents do not confirm its validity, and its not even mentioned about in early Shiite sources; But its socio-cultural shadow has led to the presumption that if a woman becomes monarch, the country will be ruined. So, the poet has remained in contradiction between those historical facts and this social presupposition, and the result has been a contradiction in composing the story of Bouran. However, the Shahnameh as a whole, does not confirm the society negative view to the women. Manuscript profile

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