story

Open Access Article

1 - The co-education of Khorshid Shah and Ridak: the Comparison of Education in Two Texts of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki (Pre-Islamic) and Samak Ayyar (6th Century Hegira)
Mohammad تمدن Abdolhossein Farzad

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written i More

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written in 585 Hegira) and “well-ambitious Ridak”, one of the Sassanid noblemen (The Pahlavi Text of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki);. There are many similarities between their educations that can strengthen this possibility that Samak Ayyar is a pre-Islamic story. Research Method is a Library one and based on evidences from these two texts and attempts to prove abovementioned point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analyzing Literary Aspects of Tarikhe Beihaqi (Beihaqi’s History) Based on Walter "Benjamin Theory"
مهدخت پورخالقی چترودی سمیّه عطاردی

“Walter Benjamin”, whose name is associated with “Frankfurt School”, is a thinker who allows a dominion superior than practical and communicative dominions and in contrast with reductionism- that reduces language to an inter-subjective tool- he deals with theorization i More

“Walter Benjamin”, whose name is associated with “Frankfurt School”, is a thinker who allows a dominion superior than practical and communicative dominions and in contrast with reductionism- that reduces language to an inter-subjective tool- he deals with theorization in this field. In Benjamin’s view, language is superior than communicative action of human and gets an existential status; if we reduce language just to its communicative and instrumental trait, we would read the lines of texts and would never understand in-between texts. He applies “Assertive act” in contrast with communicative quality of language and believes that author can produce a literary text by entering into expressive dominion of language. Tarikh-e Beihaqi as a pure artistic work has great capacities to approach a language that has surpassed communicative trait and applies an expressive quality of language to express hidden meanings behind the words. The study dealt with this issue and concluded that Beihaqi produced a literary work with high literary competence based on expressive quality of language that one can interpret it poetically as he applied highlighting tools in lexical and semantic areas of language and the essence of poetry and poem in his work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - One step toward nativism: A critical study of the stories of Esmail Fasih A move from naturalism toward realism
Reza صادقی شهپر sima poormoradi

In literature, Naturalism believes that human deeds, tendencies and thoughts are derived from inner impulses and instinctive and natural drives and desires. Based on this belief, naturalists encompass all the phenomena and events within the circle of known facts which a More

In literature, Naturalism believes that human deeds, tendencies and thoughts are derived from inner impulses and instinctive and natural drives and desires. Based on this belief, naturalists encompass all the phenomena and events within the circle of known facts which are justifiable based on scientific principles. They emphasize such cases as heredity, environment and fate as determining factors in man’s life, and believe in an objective representation of human life and its unpleasant aspects based on direct observation and without any idealizing. They propose that as scientists of natural sciences investigate on the natural events and their relevant causes, one may do just such studies on the behavior and moods of human beings in literature. EsmailFasih is one such writer in Iranian literature in whose works traces of Naturalism can be detected. In the present dissertation, we have conducted a critical study of his major novels (KhakAshena, Sharab e Kham, Del e Koor, and AsirZaman) based on Naturalism’s percepts . Results achieved from our study have invariably proved the dominant reflection of such percepts in his works, thus proving our proposed thesis. Also of importance is the fact that heredity determinism, environment and fate are the most frequent Naturalistic parameters in Fasih’s Novels. The present study is conducted in a descriptive-analytic metod and is specially important as it is the first time that identifying naturalist parameters in the stories of Fasih hass been the subject of critical study, and he is considered as a naturalist writer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparative Analysis of "Book of Arda Viraf", Seir-al-Ebad, and Divine Comedy
manzar soltani کلثوم قربانی جویباری

Our purpose in this article is to criticize and analyze the fictional components (story elements) in three imaginative itineraries called "Book of Arda Viraf", "Seir-al-Ebad", and "Divine Comedy of Dante" and then we would tell the reason of excellence of every one of t More

Our purpose in this article is to criticize and analyze the fictional components (story elements) in three imaginative itineraries called "Book of Arda Viraf", "Seir-al-Ebad", and "Divine Comedy of Dante" and then we would tell the reason of excellence of every one of them over other two works. In so doing, we tried to analyze the fictional components of every one of these three and explain their brilliant differences. Mrs. "Kasreef-far" previously reviewed symbolism in abovementioned works but there is no research regarding the fictional value of these works. Therefore along with the current library method and the aim of comparison of abovementioned components we found that Seir-al-Ebad of Sanaee is superior than two other in story narrating due to the dynamism of its characters, strong theme and reasonable quarrels, fictional and surreal style of narration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Analysis of Narrative variants and Narrator features Features in Stories Series of "New Stories from Old Books", by Mehdi Azar Yazdi
یوسف نیکروز سودابه کشاورزی

This article reviews narrator and its features in "New stories Stories from Old Books" by Mehdi Azar Yazdi among different fictional components. First, narrative variants are defined based on the ideas of Jaap Lint Volt; then, narrative variants of heterogeneous story w More

This article reviews narrator and its features in "New stories Stories from Old Books" by Mehdi Azar Yazdi among different fictional components. First, narrative variants are defined based on the ideas of Jaap Lint Volt; then, narrative variants of heterogeneous story world and its types (text-writer, agent, and neutral) and narrative variants of homogeneous story world and its types (text-writer and agent), and also narratee and it types (extra-story narratee and intra-story narratee) are reviewed in the stories of this book. Azar Yazdi has used heterogeneous narrative variant of text-writer, heterogeneous narrative variant of neutral, heterogeneous narrative variant of agent and homogeneous narrative variant of text-writer. According to this fact that heterogeneous narrative variant of text-writer is the most frequently used narrative variant and the author has used the omniscience and capability of interpretation of the narrator in this narrative variant to familiarize and introduce the characters and transfer pedagogical and moral content simply, it can be said that Azar Yazdi had special attention to his kid audience while creating his stories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Quintuple Areas of Regional-writing in Contemporary Story Literature of Iran
Reza صادقی شهپر

Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward More

Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward an area is meaningless and un-justifiable. Regional stories have similar and harmonic features and are accepted in connection with a special region and appropriate with birthplaces of authors and effects that they get from a special region. It is these effects from regional environment and its reflection in stories that caused some sort of similarities among works of some authors living in a same region and simultaneously caused some sort of differences with works of authors from other regions. Author in this article, after expressing the history of schooling in Iran’s contemporary story writing and their criticisms, proposes a new, precise and systematic division of regional story-writing based on definite and defined criteria and defines five area or branch of regional story-writing based on this criteria: north, south, Khorasan, west (Kerman Shah) and Azerbaijan in Iran’s contemporary story writing from constitutional era to Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Narratological Criticism of “Women Writer”
عليرضا شاهيني

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new an More

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new and creative methods of narrative are two important discussions in contemporary story criticism which, beyond motif and theme and content of the work, deals with the completely literary manifests of story text and reveals its different devices. “Women Writer” by Mahmoud Golab-Darei is a story which in its creation, writer particularly focuses on the contemporary narrative methods of story-writing. The considerable mental narrative and approaching to the language of poetry and poetic story, and also fluidity of narrative current which causes ambiguity in story and therefore tolerating different conclusions from reader is of the narrative feature of this story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Structural Criticism of Narrative Sketch in Story
عبدالله حسن‌زاده میرعلی علی ششتمدی

Structural criticism of narrative sketch in story is a method to story criticism. In this article, first the definition of narrative and its construction is proposed and then its discrimination with linguistic elements is provided. Narrative is a story element which is More

Structural criticism of narrative sketch in story is a method to story criticism. In this article, first the definition of narrative and its construction is proposed and then its discrimination with linguistic elements is provided. Narrative is a story element which is not in the domain of language and as the essence and base of story, tale, fiction, drama, and other related literary forms, creates the main structure of an artistic work. Narrative sketch includes some elements of story which are significant in reviewing the structure of narrative. The role of narrative sketch is very significant in story morphology and to review the narrative sketch and its structure, we should review its sketch elements. Narrative morphology reveals artistic motifs of story and the kind of addressee relation with story and narrative would be proposed from this perspective. In last part, the method and technique of this criticism would be proposed independently and functionally and the significance and value of this method would be reviewed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Beihqi and Narration “Based on Historical Norms”
ابراهیم محمدی محمدحسن الهی‌زاده

Ancient history texts, including Behaqi’s History, are close to literature because of their narrative structure. Though historical in content, they considerably show characteristics of the language used in poetry. Post-modern scholars, like Hayden White and Paul Ricoeur More

Ancient history texts, including Behaqi’s History, are close to literature because of their narrative structure. Though historical in content, they considerably show characteristics of the language used in poetry. Post-modern scholars, like Hayden White and Paul Ricoeur, make prominent another aspect of the essential links between historical and literary teats texts while stressing their narrative character. What seems worth more study is the type of narration in the both two text types. If we consider narration as the sequence of events, both literary and historical texts are narration based. However the rules of narration is different, and despite some similarities, there are fundamental differences in narrative modes. The present article studies Behaqi’s History using the theory of “Narrative History”, and narratology. Analyzing narration, we stress the fact that Behaqi’s History, as the title is indicative, is a text in the field of history, where there exist some poetic features, as well. So, poetic attractions of the text should not distract the reader from its historical bases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A Study of Intrigue as a Narrative Element in the Story of Siyavash
سکینه مرادی کوچی

Shahnameh as the poetic history of ancient Iranian, has fascinated many people. Study of its narrative elements and representational values allures a lot of researchers Because of its large bulk and technical aspects of narration. The narrative of Siyavash in shahname More

Shahnameh as the poetic history of ancient Iranian, has fascinated many people. Study of its narrative elements and representational values allures a lot of researchers Because of its large bulk and technical aspects of narration. The narrative of Siyavash in shahnameh is the story of a legendary Persian prince from the earliest days of the Persian Empire who is a tragic victim of an intrigue- the treason of his stepmother (with whom he refused to have sex and betray his father). This article studies the function of intrigue as the key narrative element in the story of Siyavash. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Trace of Historical Events in Three Fictions of Jalal Al-e Ahmad’s
رمضان یاحقی مجید عزیزی

Jalal Al Ahmad is an influential writer in Iran’s contemporary literature. There has always been a big controversy over him because of the social conditions of his time, and his own specific character. Most of his literary works are rich in references to social and hist More

Jalal Al Ahmad is an influential writer in Iran’s contemporary literature. There has always been a big controversy over him because of the social conditions of his time, and his own specific character. Most of his literary works are rich in references to social and historical events, so that they mirror the social and cultural context of his time. Jalal was frank in both personality and his political stance. He was not a man of hypocrisy; so was in his writings, where he appears as a careful observer of the facts. The present research is an attempt to give a picture of the social and cultural context of his time, studying Jalal’s works (with focus on his three stories: Modir-e Madrese, Noon va-l-Qalam and Nefrin-e Zamin), as well as the books and writings about him. The finding of the study has provided good evidences on how concerned Jalal was about the society and the events around him, and how well he has portrayed his personal and social life in his works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Contrastive Study of Two Stories of Bon-bast (deadlock) and Samfoni -e Mordegan (the Symphony of the Dead) with Focus on Brothercide in Literature
mostafa gorji

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has b More

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has been expressed in different forms according to the prevail discourse of the time. In the present Article, the author tries to provide a contrastive analysis of Bon-Bast (a short war story by Mahmoud Dehghan), and Samfoni -e Mordegan, (a bestseller by Abbas Ma’roufi). First, an analysis of Bon-Bast is given; focusing the theme of brothercide, then it will be contrasted with Samfoni -e Mordegan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Portraite of Hasank-e-Vazir In Literary and Historic Texts of Ghaznavid Era
Esmaeel Shafgh سمیرا جهان رمضان

Hasank-e-Vazir is an eminent figure in Persian history and literature. In prose and poems of the Ghaznavids era, there can find referrences to him. He had a multifarious personality and was influential politically, socially and culturally. This Article studies different More

Hasank-e-Vazir is an eminent figure in Persian history and literature. In prose and poems of the Ghaznavids era, there can find referrences to him. He had a multifarious personality and was influential politically, socially and culturally. This Article studies different aspects of his social and political life. Hasanak’s position of ministry in the time of Mahmud Ghaznavi-his powerful supporter- resulted in removing many mamonit opprtunist from governmantal affairs. He was executed for being Ghermati because of the slanders from his courtier enemies and by explicit order of Abbassi caliph’s. He was a patriotic person in Ghaznavid era. When Iran was dominated by Turks, he tried to maintain Iranian culture, its national identity, and a kind of nationalism .They accused him of being Ghermati following his meeting Fattemi Caliph, and his insistance in protecting this identity. We must admit that he had a leaning toward this sect, since one of its goals was establishing Justic. Manuscript profile

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14 - Investigating the Dramatic Aspects of Rostam and Sohrab Story in Shahnameh Based on Aristotle’s Views on Drama
داود حاتمي

Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in More

Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in a particular character named hero, with his own actions and feelings that are increasingly similar to a common human behaviors and emotions on one hand, and Ferdowsi’s (the poet’s) tendency to investigate and interpret the hero’s internal motivations facing epical events, on the other hand, have made the characterization aspect of the work deeper and more elaborate, and also promoted the structure of the story from a mere heroic narration to a dramatic structure with its embodiment potential, that latter effect is more prominent in some of the heroic stories. The study of dramatic aspects of these stories, in addition to understanding the dramatic potentials, helps their typology be more methodological and exact. This article, selecting one of the most well known heroic stories of Shahnameh, i.e. Rustam and Sohrab story, and through an introductory emphasis on the originality of its Iranian version, compared with the non-Iranian ones, attempts to investigate its dramatic aspects based upon Aristotle’s Poetica, as the most ancient and, at the same time, credible thesis on recognizing drama and its mechanism in the context of the classic verse and prose works; and presents its own results. Manuscript profile

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15 - A Research on Hayati Gilani's "Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis" and Contrasting it with some Books on History, (Quran) Interpretation and the Stories about the Prophets, accompanied by the poet's biography
یوسف اسماعیل‌زاده سیّد مهدی نوریان علی اصغر بابا صفری

The age of Gourkanian state is considered as a fruitful era for Persian language and literature. The care for the poets and writers from the literary kings and princes caused the promotion of Persian Language in the territory. Abolfazl Kamal al-Din Hayati Gilani was one More

The age of Gourkanian state is considered as a fruitful era for Persian language and literature. The care for the poets and writers from the literary kings and princes caused the promotion of Persian Language in the territory. Abolfazl Kamal al-Din Hayati Gilani was one of the famous poets of the late 10th and the early 11th centuries. He was introduced to the Gourkanian court by Abolfath Gilani. There, he acquired a lot of respect. His Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis which is a meritorious work in lyric literature, has already been ignored. In this work, Hayati focuses on Quran's abbreviation in telling the prophets' stories. This lyric- religious Mathnavi is of high value due to the poet's focus on the prophets' chastity, not including Israiiliat, referring to the resources unavailable today, and the linguistic properties, as well. The present article reviews the poet's works first, and then his Mathnavi-e Soleiman va Belqeis , contrasting it with some of the books on history, (Quran) interpretation and the prophets' stories. Manuscript profile

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16 - A Survey of Relationship between Time and Suspension in the Story of "the King and the Maid"
Zahra رجبي غلامحسين غلامحسين‌زاده قدرت‌ الله طاهري

The development of new narrative techniques in the past two centuries has led to the growing progress in narratology. In this field, "Time" is one important element. The French scholar, Gerard Genet, has discussed it in terms of three categories: "Order", "Continuity", More

The development of new narrative techniques in the past two centuries has led to the growing progress in narratology. In this field, "Time" is one important element. The French scholar, Gerard Genet, has discussed it in terms of three categories: "Order", "Continuity", and "Frequency". Exploring elements of narrative and the rules governing them will help to better understand their internal relations and mechanisms. The present article, in Genet's framework, shows that how in Mathnavi-I ma'navi, Mowlana as a classic narrator, uses all poetic-narrative potentials of "Time" in telling the story of "the King and the Maid". In the shift from the Real Time to the Narrative Time, Mowlana makes appropriate use of disturbing the linear order of the plot Time, and detailed, repeated description of some events. In this way, he creates a specific kind of Time that is directly and significantly related to developing a sense of suspension in the readers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - A Sociological Criticism and Analysis of the Story of "the Iranians Feast" With the Focus on the Series of Short stories entitled"A City Resembling the Paradise"
حسين نوين

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. More

In a sociological approach to literary studies, apart from their aesthetic and poetic functions, works of literature reveal the social- cultural trends of their own time. Author's world view, affected by their class- consciousness, to a great extent, forms their works. In A City Resembling the Paradise, Simin Daneshvar describes the solemn and glum portrait of the women and the underclass of the Iranian society in a special period of its history. She views the deep- rooted ossification and superstition the causes of decadence which intensifies by the interferences of the western colonialists, especially the America. Turning to Iran's ancient civilization, the noble religious beliefs, and relying on the national potentials are the effective and decisive ways to decolonization and to remove sexual and social discrimination to which Daneshvar pays much attention in "A City Resembling the Paradise", especially in "the Iranians Feast" short story. The author employs a symbolic tone and style that best suits to the way of conveying the main ideas of the story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Means and Forms of Ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's Stories
Alireza Siddiqui

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The presen More

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The present article surveys the means and forms of ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's works. For the purpose of clarity, it focuses on the interaction between the narrator and the readers (sender and receiver), an interaction beginning with the title of a story, ending with its closing lines. Among the other ways we can refer to the following: Asymmetrical shift in the point of view; external focalization; the shift of addressees; unclear relation between the narrative elements; the opening and closing lines of the narrative; using the elements of magical realism, symbolism, and stream of consciousness, and therefore mixing of times; using the elements of poetic expression in fictional prose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Analysis of Fictional Elements in Tale of Joseph in the Holy Quran
ابراهيم سلامي

In the Holy Quran the story life of several prophets is elaborated through a story. One of these stories speaks of Joseph's life. Joseph’s Sura has a hundred and eleven verses. The first three verses and also the last ten verses are non-fictional, while the other verses More

In the Holy Quran the story life of several prophets is elaborated through a story. One of these stories speaks of Joseph's life. Joseph’s Sura has a hundred and eleven verses. The first three verses and also the last ten verses are non-fictional, while the other verses cover the entire story without any the non-fictional verses interrupting. Quran's purpose is not to tell a story, but this Sura possesses many of the common and known aspects of the fictional elements recognized in fiction. This article intends to study and survey the plenitude of the fictional elements in this story. The present article is both descriptive and analytic; through which it discusses and analyzes the fictional elements such as point of view, plot, structure, the idea (including theme and subject), conflict, character, characterization, dialogue, time and place setting as well as the atmosphere in a story. The story of Joseph is the only story in the Holy Quran which is atually told from the beginning to the end in one Sura. In this Sura, through utilizing the modern techniques of fiction, the religious culture, education, teaching, guidance and men's learning lessons are all introduced, in addition to indicating the lofty purposes of the Holy Quran in the form of a story. In this story the elements of fiction are structured in a way that the reader feels as if he himself is present in the story just like one of the characters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Prolepsis in Sa'di's Tales the Stories of the West
مسعود نوروزیان شادمان شکروی افسانه صحتي

Insofar as it is related to techniques of story writing such as diction, omission, etc. short stories in the west have evolved to a great extent. These elements, that is, literary devices, can also be seen in the Persian classical works of literature. Terms such as Poin More

Insofar as it is related to techniques of story writing such as diction, omission, etc. short stories in the west have evolved to a great extent. These elements, that is, literary devices, can also be seen in the Persian classical works of literature. Terms such as Point of departure, and prolepsis, found in the works of great writers such as chekov, Allen Poe, Pomasant can also be found in Sa'di's "Golestan". Point of departure in stories will lead to the emergence of perception, and neurological curves in the shortest period possible. The present paper is aimed at comparing Golestan with the stories of the west in this regard. Manuscript profile

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21 - Story-telling in Iran
علی شیخ مهدی محمود طاووسی محمدرضا خاکی حبیب‌الله لزگی

Story-telling has always existed through time in different lands. However, it so appears that it has not undergone much of a development in Iran. Before the emergence of Islam in Iran, the Parthian Gossans and Sassanind musicians made use of music, dance, songs, probabl More

Story-telling has always existed through time in different lands. However, it so appears that it has not undergone much of a development in Iran. Before the emergence of Islam in Iran, the Parthian Gossans and Sassanind musicians made use of music, dance, songs, probably a number of actors and actresses. In the course of change of religion from Zoroastrianism to Islam, story-telling preserved its nature, though it lost its characteristics such as dance and music, mainly relying on the artistic features of the narrator. Due to restraints existing in the Islamic period which followed the interpretations of the religious teaching concerning arts and drama, story-telling was somehow limited to the narration of merely one person called "Ta'zieh" (passion play). The very same constraint, however, reinforced drama and became the source of development for Ta'zieh. Manuscript profile

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22 - Analyzing Story Elements of Shams Tabrizi's Maghalat
Ahmad razi مهديه فيض

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is t More

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is the result of a crash study conducted through analytic-descriptive method, the rules used in Shams Tabrizi's work which he used intentionally or unintentionally and also it indicates to what extend it has been saved in the contemporary literature. That is why we have put the stories of Revayat, Zavieye Did, Goft-o-Goo, Shakhsiat, Lahn, Daronmayeh and Sahneh in studying SAhams Tabrizi's Story on sharp focus. Manuscript profile

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23 - Analyzing the Iranian, Islamic and Creek reflection components in Souhravardi’s interpretation upon the Rustam and Esfandiar Story
حسن شاهی‌پور

Although, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scat More

Although, interpretation of the anecdotes has thousands – year history in the west and it is now considerable in the west literature, it has not been paid so much attention in Iran classic literature due to some reasons including their being profane. Along with the scattered and little interpretation by Sanaie, the poet of the 5th century, Sheikh Eshragh, the mystic and philosopher of the 6th century is the last person interpreted and reflected upon the Iran ancient myths. He wants to make a concrete link between three separate dimensions of Islamic culture, Iranian ancient wisdom and Creek philosophy. For he, as a believer Muslim, is familiar with Islamic culture and its components including mysticism in one hand and he is the heritance to the pre-Islamic period as Iranian generated one on the other hand and so can not ignore the Creek philosophy as the result of human valuable reason and wisdom. Souhravardi, with his especial perceptivity, has found that the three mentioned apparently opposing cultures essence is the same and in case of their unification and harmony, Men can have a great experience in Human development and leadership. This article tries to show this great genius attempts for linking the Human thinking follows reflected in his interpretation from the Rustam and Esfandiar Story, revealing and the reasons for such interpretation while showing the elements of the cultures said above. It is clear that during Souhravardi day, this story and Shahname stories were famous in such a way that,deconstructing them was not an easy task except for some specified reasons but, Sheikh Eshragh could do so by his special thought background and broke the structure of this story aimed at finding his views within the layers of it. Manuscript profile

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24 - CRITIQUE AND STUDY OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTENT OF TALE COLLECTION OF "SHAHRI CHUN BEHESHT" (A CITY SAME AS HAVEN)
ليلا يوسفي قدرت‌ الله طاهري

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation More

A tail collection called "shahri chun behesht" (A city same as haven) by Simin Daneshvar, is the product of political, social and cultural conditions of the years of fear and violence of the post-coup-d'etat of 28 Mordad 1332. the period in which aspirations of a nation who demanded independence and liberty, by conspiracy of alien counteries agents and some mistakes of religio-political leaders dissipated and feelings of hopelessness and defeat and failure spreaded in cultural society of Iran. In this collection, Daneshvar with her accuracy and intelligence has tried to show a part of bitter socio-political truths of those dark years of Iran's people. Short stories of Daneshvar, despite their importance in contemporary narrative literature, have been ignored in the shade of her more prominent novels such as Sovushon, Jazireh Sargardani and Sarban–e-Sargardan. This article is trying to reflect the light on one of the short stories collection of a such. Manuscript profile

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25 - THE DIALOGUE AMONG CULTURES AND ANALYSIS OF ITS FACTORS IN MATHNAVI
قدرت‌الله طاهري

The modern story literature of Iran has a rised and down condition from the beginning. The structure and form of this genre has been affected by poletical and social movements. The coup d'etate 1953 in Iran was the end point of Iranian struggle for independence that hap More

The modern story literature of Iran has a rised and down condition from the beginning. The structure and form of this genre has been affected by poletical and social movements. The coup d'etate 1953 in Iran was the end point of Iranian struggle for independence that happened by external and internal intrigues. This great political event, not only effected on economy and political condition but also influenced on art and culture, so that literature movements of this era (60s, 70s) have been surpassed. Literature of this period, in spide of many works in early years after coup d'etat, no seriouse works have been presented. But some valuable stories and novels composed and presented during these critical years. In this article we tried to show the main tendencies and happenings of story writing after coup de'tate until 1964 and classify and analyse them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Reviwing Time in "A crypt for otter" by Hooshanf Golshiri from Content Criticism
معصومه حامی‌دوست محمدعلی خزانه‌دارلو

Time is a special and abstract quality of human life that is understood through a concrete and objective thing. Due to this, although we live in Time, we are surprised when we want to talk what Time is and consider it as different from other realities. “George Paulet” ( More

Time is a special and abstract quality of human life that is understood through a concrete and objective thing. Due to this, although we live in Time, we are surprised when we want to talk what Time is and consider it as different from other realities. “George Paulet” (1902-1999), a critic following content criticism, reviews the quality of understanding of authors of different Times (periods) and attempted to have a better angle of “world of awareness” of author and a more exact reading of text by analyzing the apprehension of story characters. “Hooshang Golshiri” is one of Iran modern story writers who -using stream of consciousness method- designs his contemporary human identity and his/her apprehension. His story characters are all somehow involved with Time. Using analytic-descriptive method and based on Paulet attitude, the current article reviews Golshiri idea about Time in his story of “A crypt for otter”. This review shows that Golshiri reflects a special kind of Time in story writing that is different from usual and routine Time. Imagination, love, expectation and hope to reform things and persons are some outstanding features of such a Time. However, a pure moment which Golshiri and his heroes seek never occurs in moment of living and this time cannot save them too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Aesthetic Analysis of Some Story Elements in Three of Reza Amirkhani’s Novels (Ermia, Man-e- Ou, Bivatan)
گلرخ‌سادات غنی مینا احمدی manouchehr akbari

Reza Amirkhani is a writer with a unique style which discriminates his stories from other contemporary writers. Strange orthography, language games and proper use of various meanings and forms of the words in are some of the features of this writer’s unique style which More

Reza Amirkhani is a writer with a unique style which discriminates his stories from other contemporary writers. Strange orthography, language games and proper use of various meanings and forms of the words in are some of the features of this writer’s unique style which have been studied in this article. The story elements have been analyzed in three of his novels, namely, Ermia, Man-e-Ou, and Bivatan. The results show that the appropriate use of story elements, lively and skillful description of places, characters and their feelings in a way that the reader can fully visualize the scenes of the story and imagine himself as part them, are some of the properties of Amirkhani’s writing style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Functions of Description in Some Contemporary Persian Short Stories
مینا اعلایی محمد جواد شکریان

In literary works, narratives and descriptions have always been interconnected in an indistinguishable way. In accordance with narratological studies during last decades, several theories have presented models of various functions of description in different literary wo More

In literary works, narratives and descriptions have always been interconnected in an indistinguishable way. In accordance with narratological studies during last decades, several theories have presented models of various functions of description in different literary works and ascribed a specific form of description to each of the literary genres. Among these genres, the importance of description in realism and naturalism, and its role in developing the events and characters, is irrefutable. This research, aims at applying the theories an literary description to several realist, and naturalist contemporary Persian stories. After studying the history and importance of description in novels, this research tries to explain its role in defining spatio-temporal framework, and the educational and generally aesthetic goals of several Persian short stories. In this regard, stories from Jamalzadeh, Hedayat, Alavi, Al-e-Ahmad, and Choubak have been selected, and different functions of description in these stories have been investigated. The results of the Research show that in the above mentioned authors’ works, description has not been a neutral element, and it doesn’t put a stop to the narrative process, but it helps the development of the story through different ways of camouflaging it. In addition to expressing the behavior and actions of characters, in the stories studied, description occasionally results in the preparation of spatio- temporal framework of the story, and sometimes it turns into a collection of encyclopedic insights and finds an educational function. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - A Comparative Analysis of Five Adapted Films of Iranian Cinema and their Respective Literary Works
Siavash Golshiri Nafiseh Moradi

In this research, the literary adaptations and the adaptation techniques in the cinema of the eighties in Iran will be discussed and therefore, five cinematic films of the eighties (‘White Nights’, ‘Gav Khouni’, ‘I Saw Your Dad Last Night Aida’, ‘This is Winter’, ‘The R More

In this research, the literary adaptations and the adaptation techniques in the cinema of the eighties in Iran will be discussed and therefore, five cinematic films of the eighties (‘White Nights’, ‘Gav Khouni’, ‘I Saw Your Dad Last Night Aida’, ‘This is Winter’, ‘The Reward of Silence’) have been compared with the works of the fiction which the scripts of the mentioned films are based on, respectively. These works of fiction are: ‘White Nights’, ‘Gav Khouni’, ‘Nora's Dad’, ‘Voyage’, ‘I am Your Son's Murderer’. This research is aimed to study and analyze these fictional works with their adapted cinematic films in regard to the narrative axis of the work, the manner in which a cinematic film borrows from a fictional work, the manner in which the text markers of the story are turned into the movie pictorial signs and at the same time kept loyal to the origin of the work. Furthermore, the interpretative effort in converting subjectivity to objectivity and subject to object or Vice versa in the process of changing the script to the movie, has been analyzed in order to Indicate the extent to which the mentioned works were successful in adapting their designated novel or short story. Also this paper is aimed to answer a main question which is the defining the characteristics of a successful adaptation of a work of fiction into a movie and the features that should be chosen to make the adapted movie favored. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Classical Approach of “Yaghma Magazine to the Fiction”
صفیه جمالی Habibollah Abbasi Moradali Vaezi Vaezi

A general belief about the modern story in Persian fiction is that this genre, unlike modern poetry, has never been subjected to the critique of traditionalists in its evolutionary process. The present article claims that the story has gone through similar difficulties More

A general belief about the modern story in Persian fiction is that this genre, unlike modern poetry, has never been subjected to the critique of traditionalists in its evolutionary process. The present article claims that the story has gone through similar difficulties as modern poetry. To determine the classical approach to fiction, this research has chosen Yaghma Magazine which has indisputable classical approach. Categories such as old and new genres fiction, the commentaries on storytelling and authors published in Yaghma Magazine are analyzed. The results of this research show that Yaghma considers the contemporary fiction as the sequence of its classic forms of storytelling in Persian literature. Therefore, the observance of the rules and principles of modern narrative is not required and furthermore, following the classical rhetorics is counted as an advantage. Since the mission of the story is education and entertainment, in many cases in this magazine, pseudo stories take the place of the fiction and even an ancient genre, such as the fable, occupies much of the fictional literature of this magazine. Yaghma’s stories, apart from the works of translation, is divided into two categories: Historical stories based on classical works, whose structure is inspired by classical literature and stories that have been formed by the influence of Western literature, still trying to draw closer to their Iranian identity. Another point is that Yaghma has not published a story from any of the famous and well-known persian writers other than Jamalzadeh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Point of View in Three stories in “Bizhan Najdi”
Shiva poornaddaf Haghi - - - - Abbas Khaefi

The point of view is like a window through which the author wants the reader to look at the story. In short stories because of the size of the book, the point of view is very important. “Najdi” who is a modern and outstanding story writer, has a special position in cont More

The point of view is like a window through which the author wants the reader to look at the story. In short stories because of the size of the book, the point of view is very important. “Najdi” who is a modern and outstanding story writer, has a special position in contemporary short story. He pays attention to the form and structure of the story more than the content. He make use of “point of view” skillfully in a way that by altering the point of view , he creates a new meaning and form in the story. In this paper, after introducing “point of view” and its different types, the point of view in three stories “A Pool Full of Nightmare”, “The Day of Horseshed”, and “Again from the Same Street” are studied. In the "A Pool Full of Nightmare", the point of view is the third person with a change from traditional to a modern one. In "The Day of Horseshed”,by shifting between first and second person point of view, two different worlds are represented in the same general world. In the "Again from the Same Streets", the story is begun with the third person point of view, but turns into the first person and due to the objection of the main character of the story to the writer, the theory of the “death of the author and uncertainty” is presented. Generally the point of view in the three stories has undergone changes that cause de-familiarization which is related to the formalist view where the content is less importance Manuscript profile

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32 - The Study of "Tone" and Its Function in Attar’s Elahi-nameh
ali mohammad moazzeni

Elahi-nameh is one of Attar Neishabouri’s mystical and ethical poems with two major and minor narrative plots, which has been written to inspire readers with important mystical and ethical issues. A careful review of this book shows that the obvious weakness in narrativ More

Elahi-nameh is one of Attar Neishabouri’s mystical and ethical poems with two major and minor narrative plots, which has been written to inspire readers with important mystical and ethical issues. A careful review of this book shows that the obvious weakness in narrative elements such as suspension and setting has made the "tone" of the stories the most important factor in influencing the reader. In Elahi-nameh, The key element in promoting the plot of major and minor narratives in is the dialogue, and the tone of the book has been repeated in a regular manner with the least variation, in a way that it fits the characters taking part in the dialogues. The main contrast between the characters in the major narrative is the opposition of the father and the son, which is manifested in the themes and the tones of the dialogues. The dominant tone of the father is preaching and the dominant tone of the son is persisting. The contradictory preaching/ ignorant tones are repeated in short stories, amongst the characters "the wise and the fool", "the lord and the peasant", "the king and the slave", "the mystic and the ignorant" and so on. The preaching tone is the resultant of wondering, blaming, fanatical and pseudo-philosophical tones. For this reason, elements such as the question, condition, adjective, and exclamation are used repeatedly in the dialogues, which are the main elements of the creation of the above-mentioned tones. Another important tone in Elahi-nameh is the ironic tone that is found only in short anecdotes. Elements such as prayer, sarcasm, paradox, condition, and questions have been used to create this tone. The positive character of most of the comical anecdotes is the fool which is in contrasts with God and the wise. Manuscript profile

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33 - Story of Siavash in Shahnameh Based on Julia Kristeva’s Theory of Abjection
fatemeh babashahi

The story of Siavash is one of the most tragic stories of Shahnameh which has a great potential to be studied in different ways. Furthermore, it contains some of the principal messages regarding national epic and Iranian myths, like the battle between good and evil, Ira More

The story of Siavash is one of the most tragic stories of Shahnameh which has a great potential to be studied in different ways. Furthermore, it contains some of the principal messages regarding national epic and Iranian myths, like the battle between good and evil, Iran and Aniran, fighting the dirt and filth in human soul, and etc. One of the theories that has a psychological approach to the analysis of literary works, and seems appropriate for analyzing this story is the theory of Abjection introduced by Julia Kristeva, a post-structuralist critique, based on this theory, the poet or writer projects the filth and dirt in human souls through the text. The story of Sudabeh’s sinful love, Siavash passing through fire to prove his innocence, and his tragic death in Touran are some of the obvious aspects of the story that makes the theory of abjection appropriate for the analysis of this story. Therefore, in this article, the story is analyzed focusing on the such elements of the story like Sudabeh’s love, and other events that led to his tragic death. The article tries to answer these questions: how much is the application of this theory efficient in this story? Is it possible to achieve a new analysis by applying this theory? The results are as follows: Using Kristeva’s theory of Abjection in the analysis of this story can provide us with an explanation, and a novel reading of the story from this point of view. It also provides the readers with a new judgment about Ferdowsi, the poet of the story. Manuscript profile

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34 - Description in The Story of Rostem and Sohrab
Ghodsiyeh Rezvaniyan Ahmad

Description is a part of most literary texts. Considering its great importance, description has not been given the attention it deserves especially, in Persian literature. In this article in addition to reviewing the previous definitions and theories, by using a method More

Description is a part of most literary texts. Considering its great importance, description has not been given the attention it deserves especially, in Persian literature. In this article in addition to reviewing the previous definitions and theories, by using a method close to that of structuralists, a new classification of types of description is presented which is achieved through the analysis of description in the story of Rostam and Sohrab. According to this method, description is considered a dynamic linguistic proposition (not a static one) which represents features and consists of three basic elements: subject (the descripted), describing words, and the feature. This research intends to prove that description has a crucial role in any literary text since it is the foundation of narrative and poetry. Thus, the form and content of various types of description are analyzed in the story of Rostam and Sohrab as a descriptive narrative text. It is also tried to achieve a theory of description in Persian literature based on the results. Manuscript profile

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35 - A Survey on Logical Layers of Reasoning in Allegories of Marzban nameh
Mohammad Khosravishakib

Ethical Allegory is a story in which the theme overcomes the image and the form of the story and the characters are just devices to communicate a predefined and ordinary message. Ethical stories in Marzbannameh are the exact instances of such allegories. In most stories More

Ethical Allegory is a story in which the theme overcomes the image and the form of the story and the characters are just devices to communicate a predefined and ordinary message. Ethical stories in Marzbannameh are the exact instances of such allegories. In most stories in Marzbannameh, Allegories consist of three logical kevels based on reasoning, and it is possible to draw the pattern ABA for all the allegories in Marzbannameh, i.e. Allegory in Marzbannameh is a movement which starts from point A, and moves to point B, and then it refers back again to point A. The structure of allegory in Marzbannameh is a recursive and closed one. This pattern proved to be effective in satisfying the reader, communicating the message, emphasizing and fixing the meaning, searching the sense, eliminating the delusion, and excluding neglect. This specific uniform pattern of allegory has become powerful through convincing and satisfying the readers. The structure of allegory will be analyzed in this article. Manuscript profile

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36 - Analyzing the function of “Fictional Allegory” in the Plot of Short Stories
Leila Rezaei عباس جاهدجاه

Allegory is one of the rhetorical devices that has attracted a great deal of attention from critics for its semantic functions. Among different types of allegory, fictional allegory which has a narrative structure has had a wide application in classical and contemporary More

Allegory is one of the rhetorical devices that has attracted a great deal of attention from critics for its semantic functions. Among different types of allegory, fictional allegory which has a narrative structure has had a wide application in classical and contemporary Persian literature. Like poetry, contemporary story has benefited from semantic functions of allegory in many cases. Studying the fictional allegories used in modern short stories, illustrates that some authors have used this device not just for its semantic function, but also it in the structural part of the story. Aiming at studying this function, in this research three Persian short stories (“Mehdi”, “Amphibians”, “Fiction and Grief”) are analyzed based on the ideas of Brian Richardson about the structural effect of rhetorical devices in modern stories to show that in addition to its semantic function, fictional allegory has a role in the plot structure of modern short stories . Manuscript profile

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37 - A Hegelian Interpretation of the First Literary Manifests about Story and Novel in Iran (1871-1921)
faramarz khojasteh yaser farashahinejad majid puyan

Since the first comments of ‘Akhoond Zadeh’ up to the introduction of ‘Yeki Bood Yeki Nabood’ (once upon a time) by ‘Jamal Zadeh’, in a period of almost fifty years, we encounter with a few scattered speeches about story and novel, which has hardly gained any attention More

Since the first comments of ‘Akhoond Zadeh’ up to the introduction of ‘Yeki Bood Yeki Nabood’ (once upon a time) by ‘Jamal Zadeh’, in a period of almost fifty years, we encounter with a few scattered speeches about story and novel, which has hardly gained any attention by the researches so far. These scattered notes could be considered as the first literary manifests about story and novel. In these critiques and comments some topics could be considered as the common ideas of writers and critics of that era. Moralism, realism and the profitability of novel are the three common topics of all these few speeches. Historical conditions and social changes of the constitutional era, prepared a space which only the purposeful literature could have flourished in. The first novels and novel critiques in Iran were formed in these situations and the purposefulness of story and novel was prioritized inevitably. Therefore, this article tries to interpret and analyze the first critiques and comments about story and novel in Iran based on Hegel’s aesthetics. Hegel and Hegelians considered the literary content more important than the literary form and emphasized the purposefulness and profitability of the novel. In this research, it is shown that the first critiques in Iran have much in common with Hegelian aesthetics. Manuscript profile

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38 - Studying the Trends in Fictions Written By Iranian Immigrants
Reza Shajari

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trend More

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trends and particular literary approaches outside the borders of the country. The collective body of literary works created abroad, have been named differently by different critic based on the characteristics and features that they have outlined. The authors’ issues, how they have left the country, how long they have been living abroad, and the content of their works are of great importance in defining and classifying these literary works. Furthermore, different trends can be identified in stories written abroad. In the present article, stories written by Iranian immigrants are analyzed as politics-oriented, identity-oriented, and women's stories. In the '60s up-to-the mid-'70s the politics-oriented stories are the most frequent ones. This trend is emerged by political groups and activists, and focuses on the revolution and the issues surrounding it. From the mid-70s onwards, the identity-oriented trend became the major one. In this trend, themes such as the differences between the motherland and the other-land, and the ways the immigrants encounter the new world are highlighted through the narratives about identity. Also, there were many immigrant female writers who narrated the lives and issues of female immigrants from a feminine perspective. In these stories, the ways in which women face the new world and the issues they encountered in Iran are amongst the main themes. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Pattern of the History of Knowledge and the Resurrection of Meaning in Shahaboddin Yahya Sohrewardi's Thought
Zahra Mahouzi Ghobadi Ahmad Pakatchi maryam آخسسثهده

The history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future o More

The history of knowledge that is considered by Sohrewardi in Hikmat-Al-Ishraq follows a pattern that has been formulated before him in the Sufi texts. This historical pattern which is based on a hadith attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) foretells the future of esoteric knowledge of Islam after the Prophet. As to the fate of divine knowledge on earth, this pattern defines three stages: the era of knowledge by presence, the era of assenting meaning to the word, and the period in which metaphor is converted to symbol. Sohrewardi refers to this historical pattern and completes it by presenting a certain definition of the Divine Hakim and his role in interpreting the mysteries of the mystics. By this action, he makes a commentary on the history of knowledge. The fourth stage that Sohrewardi adds to this historical pattern is the resurrection stage of meaning to its truth, and it can be defined only by reference to the totality of Sohrewardi's intellectual system. The present article attempts to extract this historical pattern from the Sufi texts and then explains Sohrewardi's role in completing it. Manuscript profile

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40 - The function of headers of Florence's manuscripts in rewriting Shahnameh stories

Ancient literary stories must be told in a simple and fluent language in order to be compelling and comprehensible to today's audience. The process of narrating these tales in contemporary language should be in accordance with the principles that have two main axes: Fir More

Ancient literary stories must be told in a simple and fluent language in order to be compelling and comprehensible to today's audience. The process of narrating these tales in contemporary language should be in accordance with the principles that have two main axes: First, maintaining the structure of the story and the style of the author, and second, its conforming to the audience’s language and understanding. In this regard, rewriting and returning the stories of Shahnameh to prose, in addition to paying attention to the level of the audience, also requires knowledge about Ferdowsi's style and expression. On the other hand, attention should be paid to summarizing and simplifying stories. Each of the Shahnameh's rewrites has some degrees of summarizing and omitting story or artistic effects. But the omission of some sections damages the original structure of the story, does not reveal Ferdowsi's art in composing stories for the audience. There are several ways to convey these points and the story to the audience as completely as possible. Considering the linkage of the Shahnameh headers with the structure of the story, our suggestion in this article is to use this manuscripts of the Shahnameh based on their headings. As a notable example, we have used the Florence version, which is the oldest available version of the Shahnameh and while reviewing some of the problems in rewriting this work, we have provided solutions for more accurate rewriting. Manuscript profile

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41 - Analysis of Women's Storytelling after the Islamic Revolution Based on the Cognitive Current
sepideh seyyed faraji Farhad Tahmasbi Ruqayyah Sadraie

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground More

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, women's storytelling has developed. Both the number of female writers has increased and the themes of the stories have become more diverse. The political and social atmosphere after the revolution has also provided the ground for the expansion and diversity of women's storytelling. In most of what women have written, the focus of the story and characters is on the issue of women. Some women in their stories search for their feminine selves and reflect this identification from the perspective of female narratives; This section of women's works deals with female narratives that describe the female world (in terms of identity, emotion, gender, etc.). Some of the works of women reflect the political and social issues of the time. In these stories, the role of women in politics and society is generally shown, most of these stories refer to the role of women in the revolution and the war. Some female writers also write popular narratives of life and society for audiences that are generally female. A number of other women narrate the contrast between tradition and modernity, sometimes arguing for tradition and sometimes protesting against prevailing traditions and beliefs. This study has been done to identify and introduce the currents of women's storytelling in the post-revolutionary years. Therefore, based on a cognitive current model, this reserch categorizes and introduces several currents of women's storytelling. To separate and recognize the currents, three factors have been considered: first, the political and social context of the emergence of the current is introduced, then the focal points of the current are shown, and finally, the initiators and continuators of the current are discussed. Manuscript profile

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42 - Survey of stylistic and rhetorical features of the folk tale "Madhumalat" based on an unknown version
tahere mousavi Ziba Ghalavandi

An Important part of oral literature is devoted to folk tales. The only copy of "The Story of Madhumalat" under number 803 is kept in the manuscript collection of India Office, London. According to the in-text evidence and stylistics of the version, this story was writt More

An Important part of oral literature is devoted to folk tales. The only copy of "The Story of Madhumalat" under number 803 is kept in the manuscript collection of India Office, London. According to the in-text evidence and stylistics of the version, this story was written in the Safavieh era and in the Gurkanian court.This charming story - which is a beautiful example of sub-continental Persian prose - narrates the fate of Manohar, the prince of Kankar city, who falls in love with Madhumalat, the prince of Mahars city. He through the mediation of fairies, and also, alot of hardships, finally marry Madhumalat. Although Madhumalt's story is a folk romance, its prose is full of rhetorical subtleties.The present research, using the descriptive-analytical method, has surveyed this manuscript to explain and analyze its stylistic, literary and rhetorical features.The musical prose of the story along with the use of delicate literary techniques have added to the linguistic charms of this work. The intellectual and cultural atmosphere of the land of India as well as the indigenous and climatic elements of this land are clearly reflected in this story.Through this research, and during the introduction of this unique manuscript, the key role of the Persian language and literature in the Indian subcontinent during the Timurid and Safavid periods becomes more apparent. Manuscript profile

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43 - Analysis of the discourses Letters issued by Amir Massoud in the first volume of Beyhaqi's history (Based on Searle's theory of speech)
Tahereh Ishany Nahid Mehrafruz

20.1001.1.17351030.1400.19.61.2.4

The value of Beihaqi's History as a literary and historical text is not overlooked by anyone. In this work, "Letters" are of special interest and analyzing them from different angles and with interdisciplinary approaches can open up new horizons. Since Amir Massoud has More

The value of Beihaqi's History as a literary and historical text is not overlooked by anyone. In this work, "Letters" are of special interest and analyzing them from different angles and with interdisciplinary approaches can open up new horizons. Since Amir Massoud has written letters to people with different positions, analyzing these letters in a scientific way, in addition to revealing some of its hidden angles, how the owners of power exploited the possibilities; it shows the language of domination and political goals. The "Speech Action" theory is one of the theories that can be used to analyze any type of text. This theory, first introduced by Austin and then completed by Searle, emphasizes the functional features of the spoken word tongues. Therefore, in the forthcoming study, the letters of the Amir Massoud Issue, which are listed in the first volume of the Behaqi History Book, are descriptively analyzed based on the Searl classification, first separately, then comparative, and eventually the overall form of speech performance is analyzed. According to the results of the research, the frequency of declarative actions, in addition to informing and describing the thoughts of Amir Massoud and attempting to confirm the truth of his speech show his desires and intentions. Also, the frequency of other actions and the causes and purpose of using them are shown in this article. There has also been a great deal of application of persuasive action within the context of this desire and effort, and a significant percentage of emotional action has been used as the third repetitive action in the letter to Ghadkhani due to a causal link with Ghadkhani, which expresses the Sultan's emotional spirit towards his relatives and relatives. . The low usage of accruals also reflects the king's spirit and character, which is not bound by commitment and assurance, although somewhere, Amir Masoud has given assurances of the data in cases where he has mentioned his positive qualities. Manuscript profile

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44 - Peace-sodality Iranians in the story of Fereydoun (One of Ferdowsi's Intellectual Features of his Epic)
mohammad reza Keyvanfar Parvaneh A’del Zadeh kamran pashaei fahkri

20.1001.1.17351030.1399.18.59.6.7

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the More

This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the method of governance, and the avoidance of individuality in the division of the world, which is the work of Fereydoun, Emphasis on dialogue in resolving conflicts among heroes and relying on finding a solution to peace and absolute rejection of violence, avoiding the use of military force to resolve disputes, not belonging to the world and avoiding stubbornness and struggle to stay in the power that is the characteristic of Iraj in front of his brothers, paying special attention to justice, and avoiding oppression and tyranny in Fereydoun's actions and speech. What Fereydoun has benefited from, as well as the actions of the words and thoughts of the Iranian heroes in Fereydoun's story, are in line with today's peaceful views. Manuscript profile

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45 - A Comparative Study of Bouransasani’s Monarchy in The Ferdowsi’s Shahname and Historical Sources (in a Critical Review of a Challenging Verse)
Akram Joudi Nemati

Bouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse More

Bouran became as the ruler of Sassanid Empire just before downfall of the empire and she was praised in Shahnameh; however, at the beginning of Bouran’s reign, Ferdowsi quotes: “there was a girl named Bouran/ things do not go well, when a woman becomes king”. This verse has an obvious contradiction with next verses and and according to this verse, it seems that the decay of empire at that time was a result of her reign. In order to answer to the question of "which of the two contradictions is true" and "what could be the cause of the mentioned contradiction", the article author has compared the Shahnameh's claim about Bouran's statecraft with historical sources. Research data show that there’s no report of inefficiency in Bouran’s governance, and all historians, in more detail than Ferdowsi, have reported her governing as good. So, why did Ferdowsi compose such a poem? The author, by proposing related hypotheses, concludes that this verse is not related to how Bouran governs, but it has been due to Ferdowsi's commitment to the presuppositions that were formed in related to the religious beliefs in his time. Tracing the presuppositions leads us to a hadith of the Prophet (PBUH): "A nation that leaves its affairs to a woman will never be successful.” The hadith documents do not confirm its validity, and its not even mentioned about in early Shiite sources; But its socio-cultural shadow has led to the presumption that if a woman becomes monarch, the country will be ruined. So, the poet has remained in contradiction between those historical facts and this social presupposition, and the result has been a contradiction in composing the story of Bouran. However, the Shahnameh as a whole, does not confirm the society negative view to the women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Genealogical analysis of alienation Case study: The story of the cow by Gholam Hossein Saedi
Roghayyeh Hashemi Gholamreza Pirouz mehdi khabbazikenari Hosein Hasanpour

20.1001.1.17351030.1400.19.62.4.8

The phenomenon of alienation according to the contrast between tradition and modernity, especially in Pahlavi era should have a meaningful relationship with the quasi-modernity flow and other intellectual and political flows. As the coup occurred in 28 Mordad 1332 was More

The phenomenon of alienation according to the contrast between tradition and modernity, especially in Pahlavi era should have a meaningful relationship with the quasi-modernity flow and other intellectual and political flows. As the coup occurred in 28 Mordad 1332 was the most important and effective political flow that caused despair and failure and alienation in the middle and intellectual strata of society. So, it seems necessary to address the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi as an intellectual who represents the levels and aspects of this phenomenon. Because his literature is the product of a space that belongs to the field of quasi-modernity in Iran. This article tries to analyze and explain the story of "Cow" by Saedi (Bill Mourners Collection) which is in the form of a metaphorical and symbolic story, on the basis of alienation concept, and show the adventure of being alienation of Iranian human while facing reality, and also the role of inverted ideology in creation of this phenomenon. The research in question, after explaining the phenomenon of alienation based on genealogy of this concept shows its historical evolution in the views of Hegel and Feuerbach and Marx and Forum, examines the story of "Cow" according to metaphors such as "power and ideology", "identity", "another one". During the analysis of the story, we came to the conclusion that there is a hidden philosophical-psychological-sociological theory in the construction of the work that is visible in the structure, space and character of the story. Creating problematic characters like Mashdi Hassan, represents the author search to show a symbolic world tied to theory. Manuscript profile

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