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    • List of Articles ایران

      • Open Access Article

        1 - From Avesta Simorgh (Roc) to Gold Simorgh (Roc)
        Farideh Davoudymoghadam Zahra عسگري
        According to the role of Simorgh (Roc) archetype among authors and artists, we see effective presence of Simorgh in classical Persian texts having different functions like mythical, epic, philosophical, mystical and so on roles. Among these functions, it has shapes of b More
        According to the role of Simorgh (Roc) archetype among authors and artists, we see effective presence of Simorgh in classical Persian texts having different functions like mythical, epic, philosophical, mystical and so on roles. Among these functions, it has shapes of birds, human, gods, and angels and so on in early periods; and it has different forms, features, and functions due to presence of myth; while in contemporary world, Simorgh is no longer a strange and mysterious being, and it is a multi-patterned bird in literature and other forms of art. This shows that Simorgh has got to objectivity from abstraction in the historical transition to contemporary art and literature; and it has declined from its original fine status in contemporary poetry instead of improving or at least stopping in being applied in previous sublime uses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Quintuple Areas of Regional-writing in Contemporary Story Literature of Iran
        Reza صادقی شهپر
        Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward More
        Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward an area is meaningless and un-justifiable. Regional stories have similar and harmonic features and are accepted in connection with a special region and appropriate with birthplaces of authors and effects that they get from a special region. It is these effects from regional environment and its reflection in stories that caused some sort of similarities among works of some authors living in a same region and simultaneously caused some sort of differences with works of authors from other regions. Author in this article, after expressing the history of schooling in Iran’s contemporary story writing and their criticisms, proposes a new, precise and systematic division of regional story-writing based on definite and defined criteria and defines five area or branch of regional story-writing based on this criteria: north, south, Khorasan, west (Kerman Shah) and Azerbaijan in Iran’s contemporary story writing from constitutional era to Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Analysis of Lyric Themes in Epic of Bahman-Name
        aliasghar babasafari کوروش  منوچهری
        Literary varieties are divided into Epic, Lyric, Pedagogical, and Dramatic literatures according to content. These varieties are interfered by each other; in other words, a lyric work may have some epic episodes and there may be some signs of pedagogical or lyric in an More
        Literary varieties are divided into Epic, Lyric, Pedagogical, and Dramatic literatures according to content. These varieties are interfered by each other; in other words, a lyric work may have some epic episodes and there may be some signs of pedagogical or lyric in an epic work; the presence of one literary variety in another variety, sometimes, adds to the work variation and attraction and sometimes causes the interruption of tone and language in literary works. Bahman-Name (5th and 6th Hegira century) is written by Iranshah-ibn-e Abi-al-khier is one the epic poems which is not devoid of lyric aspects. Reviewing the lyric themes and their harmony or disharmony with the epic text was done in this article, since epic and lyric are so different from each other in literature. Lyric themes, available in this poem, were extracted and classified in this article which resulted in identifying 12 lyric themes like: apology, oath, praise, elegy, eulogy, gravamen, pride, lampoon, and so on. Epic tone and archaism of language is observed in these lyric themes, too. The presence of lyric themes does not partition the epic tone and this work has a unity in tone. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The influence of Persian Culture and Literature on Arabic Literature Case Study: Amthal-Moulad
        وحید  سبزیان‌پور
        The objective of the present article is to show the influence of Khosravani Wisdom and Iranshahri’s thoughts on Arabic Literature. The subject does not seem new. What is new is our approach to it. The article claims that in addition to bold traces of Persian wisdoms in More
        The objective of the present article is to show the influence of Khosravani Wisdom and Iranshahri’s thoughts on Arabic Literature. The subject does not seem new. What is new is our approach to it. The article claims that in addition to bold traces of Persian wisdoms in Arabic Literature, most part of more than a thousand proverbs available in Arabic literature are of Persian origin. We have first introduced historical background facilitating the way to transfer of the proverbs into Arabic literature, and then we have traced back lots of Arabic proverbs to their roots to make sure of their origins. In addition, we have also referred to Dehkhoda’s Amthal-o-Hekam for common contents of Persian and Arabic proverbs. In some cases we have carried out critical study and analysis of some Persian literary texts, resulting to the fact that the influence of Persian wisdoms and thoughts on Arabic literature goes beyond the imaginations of not only the contemporary Arab scholars but also the Persian scholars. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Study, Analysis and Critique of Four Persian Odes Based on Systemic – Functional Linguistics
        Reza چراغی Ahmad razi  
        The first ode in Farrokhi Sistani’s Divan is a poetic description of clouds. It has been imitated by many poets. The authors of the present research have studied the first part of the ode (Taqazzol), which has been imitated by three poets close to Farrokhi’s time- Azraq More
        The first ode in Farrokhi Sistani’s Divan is a poetic description of clouds. It has been imitated by many poets. The authors of the present research have studied the first part of the ode (Taqazzol), which has been imitated by three poets close to Farrokhi’s time- Azraqi, Masoud Sa’d, Amirmo’ezy- comparing them with Farrokhi’s own poem, in the framework of systemic–functional linguistics. Since Azraqi is known for his poetic innovations and Amirmo’ezy is accused of sheer imitation – if not literary theft – of Farrokhi’s Divan and Onsory’s, the research can also provide a scientific and objective analysis of creativity, innovation or sheer imitation. No doubt many literary artistic beauties and fine points cannot be explained through linguistic analysis. However, most linguistic approaches, methods, and tools are useful for understanding literary texts preventing subjective evaluations and judgments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Hafiz and Iran's Cultural Identity
        صابر  امامي
        The present article surveys Iran's cultural identity in terms of Hafiz' poetry. It is to prove that Hafiz paid especial attention to the cultural oppositions of his time and their manifestations in his language. The expressions such as Pir-e-Moqan (the Magian Elder), Ja More
        The present article surveys Iran's cultural identity in terms of Hafiz' poetry. It is to prove that Hafiz paid especial attention to the cultural oppositions of his time and their manifestations in his language. The expressions such as Pir-e-Moqan (the Magian Elder), Jam-e-Jam (the world-displaying cup) Manichaeism, joy, and contents adapted from Shahnameh are indicative of the historical and mythological roots of Hafiz' poems in pre and post-Islamic Iran. The article studies the signs and traces of Persian-Islamic culture in Hafiz' poetry, and analyzing the lines having these signs, shows Hafiz' attempts to establish links between these concepts and the Persian-Islamic identity which caused strengthening the new geographical borders of Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - A Linguistic Survey of the Postmodern Literary Style in Persian Novels
        ساناز  رحيم‌بيكي محمود  براتي محمدرضا  نصر اصفهاني
        In recent decades, along with the global wave of postmodern literature, we have been witnessed novels in Persian fiction which claim to have new attitudes and a new approach to writing in this genre which naturally includes language and style. Since language is the most More
        In recent decades, along with the global wave of postmodern literature, we have been witnessed novels in Persian fiction which claim to have new attitudes and a new approach to writing in this genre which naturally includes language and style. Since language is the most important element of the style in literary studies, any change in the form and content of the language in a literary work would be a sign of alteration in the artist attitude towards his/her external and internal world. So, it seems significant to analyze the influences of the postmodern literature philosophy on the language of Persian novels, since language and its associated elements and concepts have a central status in postmodern literature known by its way of using language to recreate the fictional world. The present article will analyze the linguistic patterns of Persian postmodern novels, and with a critical approach, explain different ways in which linguistic elements have been used in these novels. In order to find the linguistic arrangements that create this style, the linguistic elements ,inspired by layered stylistics, will be determined and categorized at three levels: phonetic, lexical, and syntactic. Also, linguistic characteristics of the text and their roles in reproducing the postmodern attitude or moving away from it at these three levels are described and examined in the fictional world of these novels. Investigating the language in these works reveals no distinctive stylistic properties at phonetic level; and at the lexical level, words have both literary and conversational functions. They are also grammatically cohesive. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - A Hegelian Interpretation of the First Literary Manifests about Story and Novel in Iran (1871-1921)
        faramarz khojasteh yaser farashahinejad majid puyan
        Since the first comments of ‘Akhoond Zadeh’ up to the introduction of ‘Yeki Bood Yeki Nabood’ (once upon a time) by ‘Jamal Zadeh’, in a period of almost fifty years, we encounter with a few scattered speeches about story and novel, which has hardly gained any attention More
        Since the first comments of ‘Akhoond Zadeh’ up to the introduction of ‘Yeki Bood Yeki Nabood’ (once upon a time) by ‘Jamal Zadeh’, in a period of almost fifty years, we encounter with a few scattered speeches about story and novel, which has hardly gained any attention by the researches so far. These scattered notes could be considered as the first literary manifests about story and novel. In these critiques and comments some topics could be considered as the common ideas of writers and critics of that era. Moralism, realism and the profitability of novel are the three common topics of all these few speeches. Historical conditions and social changes of the constitutional era, prepared a space which only the purposeful literature could have flourished in. The first novels and novel critiques in Iran were formed in these situations and the purposefulness of story and novel was prioritized inevitably. Therefore, this article tries to interpret and analyze the first critiques and comments about story and novel in Iran based on Hegel’s aesthetics. Hegel and Hegelians considered the literary content more important than the literary form and emphasized the purposefulness and profitability of the novel. In this research, it is shown that the first critiques in Iran have much in common with Hegelian aesthetics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Comparative Analysis of "Tiny Characters" in Folk Legends of Iran, Germany and Japan
        minoo hamedanizadeh soheila farhangi
        “Tiny characters” are among lovely and specific characters in world folk legends. They are very small children who have vegetable or human roots and are born into families that have longed for children, like “Nokhodi” in Iranian folklore legends. These characters can b More
        “Tiny characters” are among lovely and specific characters in world folk legends. They are very small children who have vegetable or human roots and are born into families that have longed for children, like “Nokhodi” in Iranian folklore legends. These characters can be seen not only in the tales of our country but also in the legends of other nations and can be considered and studied. Thus, this research aims to study and analyze Tiny characters, comparing them and defining their characteristics.Here to achieve this goal, we used Iranians’ folk legends, gathered by Fazl-o-allah Mohtadi (Sobhi), such as “Nokhodoo”, “Jastik Nokhodi” and “Nokhodi and Deev”. Also German folk legends written by Grimm Brothers, such as “Tom thumb”, “Thumb and Thumbling”; and Japanese folk legends written by Shogo Hirata and Florence Sakade, such as “Peach boy, Little One-Inch, Little One-Inch ” are used.This research tries to show the similarities and differences of Tiny characters in the folk legends of Iran and the world with a descriptive-analytical method and with the approach of comparative literature. These similarities can be found in the vegetable origin of most of these characters and their ethical features such as confidence, responsibility, braveness, intelligence, justice seeking, fighting against oppression and so on. There are also small differences in the type of their birth, how to achieve the goals, etc., which can be considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Identity thinking in the works of Ebrahim Yunsi, Relying on Persian language and strengthening Iranian identity
        Mehdi Saeedi Seyedeh Narges  Rezaie
        identities and Iranian identity has been on the border between alignment, contradiction, conflict and rupture. Political and social narratives of the issue of Iranian identity and its elements are effective in weakening or strengthening this relationship. Among the t More
        identities and Iranian identity has been on the border between alignment, contradiction, conflict and rupture. Political and social narratives of the issue of Iranian identity and its elements are effective in weakening or strengthening this relationship. Among the three nationalistic, modern, postmodern and historical narratives, it is the only historical narrative that pays attention to the maximum consolidation and unity of Iran and Iranians by avoiding excess and exaggeration in explaining the problem. Ebrahim Yunsi, a political activist, translator and writer of Iranian Kurdish descent, is the author of several works in Persian. Some of what he translated is about Kurdish cultural and political history and contemporary political events. In the introduction or footnote of most of the translations, he pays attention to the relationship between Kurds and Iran, and in a way of Focusing on identity between Kurds and Iran, he establishes an aligned and consistent relationship. Also, in his works, he criticizes the opinion of writers who have highlighted some of the elements of ethnic identity in order to weaken Iranian identity, or who believe in the distinction and separation between ethnic identity and Iranian identity. He is especially aware of the role and function of the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, in spite of his primary political affiliation or contrary to what some political parties think, he believes that there is an equal relationship between the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, he uses the Persian language to write and tries to increase the richness of the Persian language and its lexical and cultural treasure in his works by using a lot of words and what is Kurdish knowledge and language. In this article, by analyzing the introductions of the translations and paying attention to the linguistic issues of the stories, this aspect of the identity in opinion of Ebrahim Yunsi has been discussed. Manuscript profile