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1 - «Stream of Consciousness» in the Stories by «Mostafa Mastoor»
آرش مشفقی ناصر علیزاده خیّاط

As the colossal movement of »modernism« in the 20th century bloomed, it dominated all aspects of human life. Literature too, faced a metamorphosis in the form of novel, and emergence of new ways in narration. The term »Stream of Consciousness« was first used by the Amer More

As the colossal movement of »modernism« in the 20th century bloomed, it dominated all aspects of human life. Literature too, faced a metamorphosis in the form of novel, and emergence of new ways in narration. The term »Stream of Consciousness« was first used by the American psychologist »William James« in psychology, then entered the field of literature and became one of the modern narrative techniques. The present study has attempted to, first, give a brief description of the main features of the ‘stream of consciousness’, and then, investigate those features in some of the stories written by the contemporary modern Iranian writer, ‘Mostafa Mastoor’. In other words, the present paper tries to find the answer to the question of the possibility of classifying some of Mastoor’s stories under the title of “stream of consciousness”, as some critics believes. It should be noted that the term ‘stream of consciousness’ is used for the stories having all or most of the features known for it. Therefore, the selected works of Mastoor's as samples do not mean that they are fully written under the rules of the ‘stream of consciousness’, rather, they aim at probing the strength of its effects in these works. Manuscript profile
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2 - Appearance of Naturalistic Components In the Fiction works of the Sacred Defense (Case study: "Zemestan-e 62" (The winter 62) and "Safar be Geray-e 270 Darajeh" (Journey to 270 degrees))
Mahboubeh Banimahjour manouchehr akbari

Naturalism is a literary perspective that considers the behaviors, attitudes and thoughts of humans originated from inner instincts and natural urge. According to the theory of naturalists, all the facts and phenomena in nature are in the field of scientific knowledge a More

Naturalism is a literary perspective that considers the behaviors, attitudes and thoughts of humans originated from inner instincts and natural urge. According to the theory of naturalists, all the facts and phenomena in nature are in the field of scientific knowledge and can be justified by the laws of natural sciences.in the other words, naturalism is the formula for the application of modern science in literature.Naturalism emphasizes aspects of inheritance, environment, definitive fate, see life away from idealism and negating supernatural issues in literature,and in this way draws details which are generally ugly and disgusting. After the constitution, literary naturalism entered the field of Persian fiction through the translation of literary works and influenced writers such as SadeghChobak, SadeghHedayat, Ahmad Mahmoud, Mohammad Masoud, Ismail Fasih, etc.Examining the literary works of holy defense shows the existence of some prominent elements of naturalism such as objectivism, pessimism, black thinking, extensive description of war disasters, rare use of some unconventional expressions about warriors, attention to the science of physiology, and so on taht are seen in some of such works.This research has analyzed some of the characteristics of naturalism in the two novels "Zamestan 62" by Ismail Fasih and "Safar be Geray-e 270 Darajeh" by Ahmed Dehghan using a descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library sources.The result of the investigation based on the textual evidence shows that some naturalistic elements are prominent in these two works.It can be said that what distinguishes naturalistic works from other writings can be identified in these two novels. Manuscript profile

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