بررسی و تحلیل فرهنگ عامه در غزلیات «حامد عسگری» با تکیه بر جلوه‌های تاریخ و فرهنگ کرمان
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهشهای ادبیات معاصر ایرانحجت اله امیدعلی 1 * , فاطمه سلطانی 2 , زهرا السادات سبط‌النبی 3
1 - دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه اراک، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه اراک، ایران
3 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: غزل معاصر فارسی, حامد عسگری, جلوه های زبانی- فرهنگی, کرمان,
چکیده مقاله :
هر اثر ادبی علاوه بر اینکه برآمده از قدرت هنری و ذهنی شاعر/ نویسنده است از آگاهی جمعی و طبقه اجتماعی خالق اثر هم تاثیر پذیرفته است و نشانه‌های مختلف جامعه و فرهنگ او را در خود دارد و با مطالعه آن می‌توان به رابطه فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و ایدئولوژی های پیدا و پنهان اثر ادبی با جامعه پی برد. غزلیات حامد عسگری – شاعر معاصر کرمان- به عنوان یکی از نمایشگاه‌های زبانی-فرهنگی مردم کرمان محسوب می‌شود که نشانه‌های هویتی و بومی در زبان شعر او بیانگر دلبستگی¬های شاعر به کرمان و آداب و رسوم مردمانش است. این پژوهش با بررسی نشانه‌های بومی و هویتی در غزلیات این شاعر خوش‌ذوق معاصر در پی پاسخ به این سوال است: نشانه‌های هویتی و بومی در غزلیات حامد عسگری چه تاثیری بر زبان شعر و تصویرپردازی‌های شاعرانه او داشته است؟ روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی است که دو مجموعه شعر حامد عسگری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تحلیل تصویرسازی‌های زیبا و مضمون‌آفرینی‌های جذاب و بدیع این شاعر غزلسرای معاصر با محور قراردادن عناصر و جلوه‌های طبیعت کرمان، حوادث و بلالای تاریخی، استفاده از ضرب‌المثل‌های کرمانی و اشاره به آداب و رسوم کرمانی‌ها و ... از مهم‌ترین نتایج این پژوهش است.
Every literary work, in addition to being the result of the artistic and mental power of the poet/writer, is also influenced by the collective awareness and social class of the creator of the work and contains various signs of their society and culture. By studying literary works, one can discover the cultural, social, and political relationship of those works with society and their overt and hidden ideologies. The ghazals (lyrical poems) of Hamed Asgari, a contemporary poet from Kerman, are considered one of the linguistic and cultural showcases of the people of Kerman. The signs of identity and localism in his poetic language express the poet's attachment to Kerman and the customs and traditions of its people. This research, by examining the local and identity-based signs in the ghazals of this contemporary poet, seeks to answer the question: What impact have the identity and local signs in Hamed Asgari's ghazals had on the language of his poetry and his poetic imagery? The research method is descriptive-analytical, and it examines two collections of Hamed Asgari's poetry. The analysis of the beautiful imagery and the attractive and novel thematic creations of this contemporary ghazal poet, with a focus on the elements and manifestations of the nature of Kerman, historical events and disasters, the use of Kermani proverbs, and references to the customs and traditions of the Kermanis, are among the most important results of this research.
Keywords: Persian poetry, contemporary ghazal, Hamed Asgari, folk culture, and Kerman.
Extensive Abstract
Introduction
Language is one of the main components of identity and reflects the identity of the people of a country. The diversity of structure and norms influences the mental and linguistic mechanisms of the poet, and it is through attention to the interactions and confrontations of dialogues that we become familiar with the process of the formation of their mind and language. The creator of a work utilizes specific vocabularies and structures and follows a particular pattern of thinking and ideology. It is this ideology that determines the way of using linguistic forms, and it can be said that the linguistic choices of the writer are a reflection of these variables. Linguistic forms are not freely chosen, but the conditions of choice, such as the dominant discourse, the writer's background knowledge, their sociocultural knowledge, and so on, influence the linguistic forms in literary texts. Hamed Asgari's ghazals (lyrical poems) have a strong connection with his place of residence and the customs and traditions of that region. Any attentive and sensitive reader can sense this characteristic when reading his poetry. The poet's special attention to the living environment and the specific customs of Kerman has endowed his poetry with a unique atmosphere, imagery, and emotion.
Research Questions and Methodology
The main issue of this research is the manner and reason for the manifestation of these specific identities and local components of Kerman in Hamed Asgari's ghazals, for which we seek to answer the following questions: 1) What are the most important identity and local components in Hamed Asgari's ghazals? 2) How have these components given distinction to his poetry?
The present research method is descriptive-analytical, and the statistical population of this research is two collections of Hamed Asgari's ghazals titled "Khanoomi ke shoma bashid" and "Sormeie."
Discussion
Hamed Asgari's attachment to Kerman has a unique brilliance in his poetry, to the extent that Kerman and its historical capitals are manifested in his ghazals (lyrical poems) with a blend arising from love, Geography, history, social systems, the customs of the people, and the beliefs in the folk traditions of the Kermanis are expressed in his poetry based on a delicate interpretation, yet intertwined with a particular sense of alienation. The natural events and the atmosphere of Kerman have greatly influenced Asgari's refined and perceptive nature, and the poet has displayed his harmony with the joys and sorrows of the people of Kerman in his ghazals. The manifestations of the culture of Kerman in his poetry are discussed under four main axes: nature and the region, historical events and incidents, customs and folk beliefs, and proverbs.
Nature and the Region: As the birthplace and nurturer of Hamed Asgari's identity attachments, Kerman is replete with historical, bitter, and sweet memories. In his ghazals, the beauties of the nature of Kerman are often used as a background for expressing the poet's emotions and thoughts. It can be said that Asgari has poured Kerman into his poetry, to the extent that they are inseparable. The palm tree and date, one of the native elements of the climate and environment of Kerman, have a high frequency in Hamed Asgari's poetry. Another manifestation of the nature of Kerman in Asgari's poetry is the village and its concomitants. The beauty of the natural environment of the village and the sweet memories of childhood are prominently displayed throughout his poems.
Historical Events and Incidents: Historical events and natural incidents are one of the main sources of the literature of every nation. The Bam earthquake, one of the most painful natural disasters, which devastated the 2,500-year-old city of Bam in the early hours of December 26, 2003, has been deeply embedded in Hamed Asgari's mind and language, and he has referred to it in various parts of his poems. The conquest of Kerman by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar in 1793 AD and the removal of twenty thousand pairs of eyes in the main square of the city, and the atrocities committed by this ruthless Qajar king against the people of this region, are among the most horrific events that human history has witnessed. This painful incident has repeatedly led to the creation of novel themes and imagery in the poet's imaginative workshop.
Customs, Folk Beliefs, and Proverbs: Folk beliefs in Hamed Asgari's poetry have provided the foundation and support for his literary arguments. The poet utilizes culture and folk literature to make his speech more concrete and more appealing while bringing the general realm of his poetry closer to the lives of the people, and at the same time, preserving the beliefs and convictions of the people. One of the customs mentioned in Hamed Asgari's poetry is the practice of bidding farewell to a guest with water, a mirror, and the Quran, which is observable everywhere in the country. One of the beliefs found in the folk culture is the connection between the arrival of a guest and certain events and occurrences.
Use of Proverbs: Proverbs are a mirror to reflect the folk culture that carries the semantic and experiential load of nations and represents the thoughts and mentalities of each nation. Sociologists can discern the spiritual and moral characteristics of a society through this avenue. Proverbs are the point of connection between formal and oral literature. Hamed Asgari pays a great deal of attention to proverbs and has incorporated them into the folds of his poems, and through a simple and beautiful interaction with them, he has made the language of his poetry simple and intimate.
Conclusion
The identity and local elements in his ghazals (lyrical poems), while creating an artistic image, have provided the groundwork for logical reasoning in his poems to support the subject matter and imagery, and enable him to convince the audience. The linguistic-cultural manifestations of Kerman in his ghazals can be examined and analyzed in four parts. One of the identity and local markers in his ghazals is the description of the nature of Kerman and its various aspects. Date palms and palm trees are the central core of Asgari's descriptions of the nature of Kerman. He has beautifully depicted his love and devotion to the village and its people, which enriches the convincing power of the poem and serves as evidence for the poet's claim. Another identity and local marker in the poems of this Kermani ghazal writer is the reference to the historical events and incidents of his birthplace. He mentions the historical events and natural and social calamities of Kerman in his poems, and through this, while reviewing the history of his homeland, he creates images and themes that evoke the audience's sense of empathy. Referring to the customs and traditions of the people of Kerman and their folk beliefs is another aspect of identity and locality in Hamed Asgari's ghazals. In depicting the native beauties of Kerman, he draws from the spirit and soul of the lover. One of the reasons for using popular beliefs and convictions in his poetry is to provide reasoning, support, and a basis for justifying and explaining the poetic statements. The use of proverbs related to Kerman is another local and identity marker in Hamed Asgari's ghazals. Any reader, by reading his poetry and his proverbs, realizes that this poet is well-acquainted with the culture and customs of Kerman.
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