The Romantic nature and the function of the chronotope of the ruins and wreckage."

perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952024-02179articleThe Romantic nature and the function of the chronotope of the ruins and wreckage."Setareh Madanisetareh.madani75@gmail.com1Alireza Nikoueinikouei@guilan.ac.ir2Shayesteh sadat Mousavish_mousavi@guilan.ac.ir3graduated from university of Guilanfaculty member,guilan universityfaculty member,guilan universityThe present study investigates the function and nature of the chronotope of the ruins and wreckage in Blind owl (Boofe Koor), within the frameworks of Romantic and Gothic literary traditions. Building on Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope as the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships in literature, this research examines how these chronotopes contribute to genre-specific atmospheric and poietic effects in the novel. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the primary chronotope of the ruins and wreckage as a symbolic space that reflects a nostalgic and ultimately futile attempt to revive the past in the present. Employing a qualitative and interpretive methodology, the study reveals that the Romantic-Gothic character of the narrative is deeply intertwined with the selection of this chronotope as the locus of the story. Secondary chronotopes, such as cemeteries and thresholds, and their interrelations with principal narrative elements like characters and events further corroborate the findings. This multifaceted exploration highlights the central role of  the ruins and wreckage chronotope in shaping the thematic and aesthetic dimensions of the novel.http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/50567Keywords Bakhtin time-space continuum chronotope Romanticism *The Blind Owl*.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952024-02179articleReflection of Historical Metatext in Contemporary Alawi Perspectives (Case Study of Poets' Work Collections in the Astana of the Prophet's (Amir al-Mu'minin))fatemeh mahjoobfmahjob4341@gmail.com1sepideh Yeganehs.yegane@alzahra.ac.ir2hedyeh taghavih.taghavi@alzahra.ac.ir3Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranDepartment of History, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranMetatext refers to all elements outside a text that influence its formation.Historical metatexts derive from the corpus of history and encompass historical events that shape literary creation.Alavid manāqib (panegyrics) are a subgenre of devotional poetry, and one of their stylistic features is the frequent use of Islamic historical events through allusion, adaptation, and other literary techniques.This study examines the use of historical metatexts in contemporary Alavid manāqib through the lens of the poetry anthology The Poets' Work Collections in the Astana of the Prophet's (Amir al-Mu'minin)). The central research question is:To what extent do contemporary poets utilize historical events in composing Alavid manāqib. An analysis of the poems reveals that most contemporary poets employ historical metatexts in their compositions.These references align with authentic historical sources, with the most frequent being the martyrdom of Imam ʿAlī , followed—with a noticeable statistical gap—by events such as his battles, his marriage to Fāṭima and the event of Ghadīr Khumm.The least referenced are his birth in the Kaʿba and his upbringing by the Prophet Muḥammad.Key findings include the dominance of general historical narratives over detailed depictions,repetition of known themes, lack of innovation, and insufficient exploration of lesser-known historical dimensions. The overwhelming focus on the martyrdom of ʿAlli and the relative neglect of his conduct and character suggest a tendency among poets to emphasize emotional aspects of panegyric poetry, often at the expense of its deeper objective—namely,the transmission of profound human values through the portrayal of the praised figure.http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/50680Historical metatext Manaqib Alavi Manaqib Contemporary poetry.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952024-02179articleIbn ʿArabī’s Spiritual Journeys in the Novel al-Mawt al-Ṣaghīr: A Reading Based on the Twelve Archetypesmohammadreza movahediMovahedi1345@yahoo.com1atefeh salehaatefehsaleh@gmail.com2PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Qom University. Qom. IranThe novel al-Mawt al-Ṣaghīr by the Saudi writer and Booker Prize laureate Mohammed Hasan Alwan offers an innovative reimagining of the life and mystical journey of Ibn ʿArabī through a first-person narrative and literary structure. Dividing Ibn ʿArabī’s life into twelve journeys, the novel simultaneously adheres to the traditional framework of Sufi path-seeking while portraying the inner stages of his spiritual, psychological, and intellectual transformations. This article examines these twelve journeys through the lens of Carol Pearson’s theory of the hero’s archetypal journey. The findings reveal that the hero’s journey is not only successfully reconstructed in the novel but also that the sequence of Ibn ʿArabī’s inner transformations aligns with Pearson’s twelve archetypes. These archetypes, from the “Innocent” to the “Ruler,” manifest in the narrative as stages of Ibn ʿArabī’s inner quest toward the doctrine of waḥdat al-wujūd (Unity of Being), the discovery of truth, and the flourishing of the self. The deep interweaving of mystical and mythological elements in the narrative grants Ibn ʿArabī an archetypal and mythical aura, prompting the contemporary reader to reconsider the meaning of the hero, the spiritual journey, and character transformation within the framework of Islamic mysticismhttp://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/51360 Ibn ʿArabī al-Mawt al-Ṣaghīr Mohammed Hasan Alwan mystical journey Carol Pearson archetypeperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952024-02179articleAdaptation and Analysis of the Image of the "Savior" in Contemporary Poetry (Based on Arash Kamangir, Morgh Amin, and Someone Who Is Like No One)saeid bozorg bigdelibozorghs@modares.ac.ir1sara hosseinisarahoseini1403av@gmail.com2Department of Persian Language and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranIn human history, boredom with the current situation and the desire to achieve a desirable state have caused humans to need a savior. In different religions and sects, saviors will appear under different names, in different forms, and at different historical points, and they will strive to free humanity from suffering and adversity and lead it towards ideal conditions. In literary works, as a result of human perception of the appearance of the Savior in real life, literary works have emerged that create an image of the Savior. In contemporary Persian poetry, from the mid-1940s to the early 1950s, three poems were written and published: Arash Kamangir by Siavash Kasraei, Morgh Amin by Nima Youshij, and Someone Like No One by Forough Farrokhzad. In the present study, the three aforementioned works have been examined from ten aspects, and their similarities and differences have been examined and analyzed. The results of this study show that the poems of Arash Kamangir, Morgh Amin, and Someone Who Is Like No Other, despite the differences in the perspectives of their poets, in most cases present a consistent and identical image of the Savior.http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/51981 savior Contemporary Persian Poetry Siavash Kasraei Nima Youshij Forough Farrokhzad