perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articleAhmad A52_2006@yahoo.com1Keramatalah ZayyariZayyari@ut.ac.ir2Ahmad pdr.pourahmad@gmail.com3 meheegh@yahoo.com4 m_vafa1969@yahoo.com5Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of QomUniversity of Tehran<p>One of the most debatable types of metaphor is perhaps the implicit metaphor. This &lrm;type of metaphor cannot be found in the early rhetorical works. It was the great &lrm;scholar, Jurjani, who dealt with this metaphorical structure, yet he has not men-&lrm;tioned any name for it. Once a name was coined for this term, disputes over its &lrm;authenticity also began. Some researchers refrained to recognize it as a metaphor, &lrm;some described it as implicit simile and some just repeated others' views. In recent &lrm;times some researchers, by suggesting it as a kind of personification, have tried o &lrm;solve the problem; however, they have finally admitted that the implicit metaphor is &lrm;broader and more inclusive than personification.&lrm; In this paper, in addition to reviewing and analyzing this term chronologically in &lrm;rhetorical works,we have shown that rhetorics researchers have paid more atten-&lrm;tion to the definition of metaphor and have focused on the implicit metaphor in &lrm;terms of terminology; they have considered it from the lexical aspect, while based &lrm;on the definition of Sakkaki and other rhetoricians, "metaphoricity" of this structure &lrm;is acceptable, however we can not accept constraints such as &ldquo;imaginative". It can &lrm;also regard personification, subordinate metaphor , animism as branches of the &lrm;implicit metaphor, not it's alternatives.&lrm;</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10303Reviews criticism Implicit Metaphor Rhetorical WorksperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articleMohammad Farahmandfarahmand15@yahoo.com1Faramarz Jalalatfaramarz.jalalat@gmail.com2 danesh.lit@gmail.com3Assistant Professor of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili<p>Contemporary study of mind and language is mainly based on western linguists' schools and theories. But linguistics is not exclusively a western phenomenon. Eastern scholars had studied mind, language and their aspects and rules too. Muslim Mutakallims can be considered as initial linguists in the east that studied the descriptions, rules, meanings and hermeneutics of language precisely due to their contemplation in the subjects as Gods speech, its Qedam and Hodooth, etc. Abu Yaqube Sajestani is a Shia Mutakallim that studied mind and language system seriously and stablished a communication theory based on three aspects named "Qasd", "Tab?" and "Orf".In his opinion these aspects are not independent and their meaning and merit are based on their relation in the speech. He believes that their imperfection or defect and omitting leads the corruption in the chain of speech and the failure in communication. The advantage of his theory is dealing with hermeneutics especially with respect to holy texts. This paper is going to offer an iconic introduction and study of Sajestaniʾs mind and language system and his communication theory.</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10292Abu Yaqube Sajestani mind and language communication theory Qasd Tab? Orf. perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articleali mihammadikhoshandm.ali2@gmail.com1 taherehghasemi87@yahoo.com2<p>It must be said: Today, "title" an essential component of a text and its many implications that can not be ignored. We can say that book at all times, as have. However, since the poems in a collection entitled "Court" were prepared, poets, his poems were not named. If it was named poem, the poet was determined as it was, but abrogating, singers, biographers, critics, and authors as to their poetry. Bynvany contains all been written. Some of the ode and the piece was named. . This article reviews the history of naming in Persian prose, to discuss the constitutional period.</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10359Title title your order Persian historical traditional poetryperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articlemahsa masaeemahsa.masaee@gmail.com1zohre allahdadi dastjerdiallahdadidastjerdi@atu.ac.ir2<p>Grotesque, concept and attitude towards art and literature that features a contradiction, terrifying surprisingly, anomaly, buffoonery and tend to insipidity, reluctantly, to sicken and is considered to be the subject of or because of something unfamiliar, strange or too exaggerated and Frashgfty, feel vague and confusing to the audience induce or convey concepts and her mixed feelings... Genghis strikes, Mogul conquest and its consequences, the underlying concepts and images of grotesque appearance this evening, this study introduced the grotesque, some of the examples and evidence in one of the most important monuments - Literature Mogul era search and found that the section on the history of Mogul and Ilkhanan of a Jame o Tavarikh, sometimes with traditions such irrational, superstitious Moguls of mixed uneven and difficult to accept it as history, as if the author have to toady, flattery and record some extreme stuff and Non - that can be described as grotesque - had been</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10334Grotesque irrational Mogul and Ilkhanan prose Jame o TavarikhperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articleehsan reisiehsanreisi@gmail.com1 ali.m.mahmoodi64@gmail.com2<p>" Ahmad Hamedi Esfahani is an important poet in the ninth century AH who lived at the court of Sultan Mehmet II and said Persian and Turkish poetry. A large part of his Divaan is formed with Persian poetry and a number of poems in Turkish is also available in it. Despite its importance, Hamedi's Divaan, which has been written with his own line, has never been corrected. It was only published once in 1949 with an introduction from Hekmat Ertilan in Turkey in the form of photos. According to many evidences in Hamedi's Divaan, he can be considered as one of the most important pioneers of the school "Voghoa". Even some of the most prominent features of the Hindi style are also found frequently in his Divaan. Although Hamedi's poetry is very significant in terms of quality and stylistics features, it has not been noted in the literature history and stylistics. This could be due to the unavailability of his Divaan. Hamedi's Divaan is also noteworthy from another aspect and that is capturing historical events. Thus, the revival of his Divaan can be considered as a help to historical sources in addition to literary works. In this paper, we clarify Hamedi's biography and life stages based on his poetry, analyze the characteristics of his poetry and explain that Hamedi is among the unknown pioneers of the school "Voghoa". The importance and necessity of revising the books of literature history and stylistics based on newly found literary works is also expressed.</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10407Keywords Hamedi Esfahani Literature History Stylistics School &quotVoghoa&quot text correctionperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی1735-10302821-03952025-031545110articlemostafa jouzimostafa.jozi@yahoo.com1Ali pedram mirzaeiAli.pedeam.mirzaei@gmail.com2mostafa gorjigorji111@yahoo.com3<p>Abstract Tasnif is the upmost and the most beautiful appearance of link between poem and music. The Constitution was the period of real evolution and eminency of Tasnif genre which found a renewed beginning by Aref Ghazvini. Meanwhile, Malek Al-shoara Bahar began to compose Tasnif with a store of science and literature. This study not only introduces Tasnif as a literary genre but also it analyzes Bahar&rsquo;s Tasnif structures. This paper also investigates the external form of Tasnif and its major indexes such as rhythm, rhyme and the association between these two indexes. The results showed that melody and rhythm play a major role in the structure of Tasnif external form and bring out Tasnif from its traditional form and accepted format through surrounding Tasnif external form and accompanying it with rhythm and music. Other outcomes of this study are application of some prosodic rhythm in a Tasnif, changing language in accordance with rhythm, application of infrequently prosodic rhythm in a Tasnif and implication of innovative forms.</p>http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/10368Bahar metre format rhythm Tasnif melody